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. 2022 Sep 30;11(19):3040.
doi: 10.3390/foods11193040.

Lipid Oxidation Changes of Arabica Green Coffee Beans during Accelerated Storage with Different Packaging Types

Sai Aung Moon  1   2 , Sirirung Wongsakul  1   2   3 , Hiroaki Kitazawa  4 , Rattapon Saengrayap  1   2   3   5
Affiliations

Lipid Oxidation Changes of Arabica Green Coffee Beans during Accelerated Storage with Different Packaging Types

Sai Aung Moon et al. Foods. .

Abstract

The storage conditions of green coffee beans (GCBs) are indispensable in preserving their commercial value. In Thailand, coffee farmers and roasters typically store GCBs for six months to a year before roasting. However, the beans undergo oxidation during storage, influencing both quality and taste. This study investigated changes in GCB lipid oxidation under different accelerated storage conditions (30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C with 50% RH) and packaging, i.e., plastic woven (PW), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and hermetic/GrainPro® (GP) bags. Samples were collected every five days (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) and analyzed for lipid oxidation parameters including acid value (AV), free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), ρ-anisidine value (PAV), total oxidation value (TOTOX), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), moisture content (MC), water activity (aw) and color. Primary oxidation was observed, with AV, FFA and PAV gradually changing during storage from 1.49 ± 0.32 to 3.7 ± 0.83 mg KOH/g oil, 3.82 ± 0.83 to 9.51 ± 1.09 mg KOH/g oil and 0.99 ± 0.03 to 1.79 ± 0.14, respectively. Secondary oxidation changes as PV and TBARS were reported at 0.86 ± 0.12 to 3.63 ± 0.10 meq/kg oil and 6.76 ± 2.27 to 35.26 ± 0.37 MDA/kg oil, respectively, affecting the flavor and odor of GCBs. Higher storage temperature significantly influenced a lower GCB quality. GP bags maintained higher GCB quality than LDPE and PW bags. Results provided scientific evidence of the packaging impact on oxidation for GCB under accelerated storage.

Keywords: green coffee beans; packaging; quality; rancidity; shelf life.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Packages for GCB storage (a) plastic woven bag (PW), (b) low-density polyethylene bag (LDPE) and (c) GrainPro® (GP).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of packaging on changes in moisture contents during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of packaging on changes in water activity during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of packaging on changes in lightness during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of packaging on changes in redness during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of packaging on changes in yellowness during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of packaging on changes in lipid contents during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of packaging on changes in acid value (AV) during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of packaging on changes in free fatty acid (FFA) content during accelerated storage (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effect of packaging on changes in peroxide value (PV) during accelerated storage (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Effect of packaging on change ρ-anisidine value (PAV) during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Effect of packaging on changes in TOTOX parameters during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Effect of packaging on changes in TBARS during accelerated storage conditions (a) PW, (b) LDPE and (c) GP. Different capital letters indicate significant differences among temperature at p < 0.05; different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among storage time at p < 0.05.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Biplot of the oxidation-related parameters of GCB under accelerated storage at (a) 30 °C, (b) 40 °C and (c) 50 °C. PW, plastic woven; LDPE, low-density polyethylene; GP, GrainPro®; aw, water activity; MC, moisture content; PV, peroxide value; AV, acid value; PAV, ρ-anisidine value; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TOTOX, total oxidation value; TFA, total fatty acids; FFA, free fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids; USFA, unsaturated fatty acids.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Biplot of the oxidation-related parameters of GCB under accelerated storage at (a) 30 °C, (b) 40 °C and (c) 50 °C. PW, plastic woven; LDPE, low-density polyethylene; GP, GrainPro®; aw, water activity; MC, moisture content; PV, peroxide value; AV, acid value; PAV, ρ-anisidine value; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TOTOX, total oxidation value; TFA, total fatty acids; FFA, free fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids; USFA, unsaturated fatty acids.
Figure 15
Figure 15
HCA of the oxidation-related parameters of GCB under accelerated storage at (a) 30 °C, (b) 40 °C and (c) 50 °C. PW, plastic woven; LDPE, low-density polyethylene; GP, GrainPro®; aw, water activity; MC, moisture content; PV, peroxide value; AV, acid value; PAV, ρ-anisidine value; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TOTOX, total oxidation value; TFA, total fatty acids; FFA, free fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids; USFA, unsaturated fatty acids.
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