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Review
. 2022 Oct 3;14(19):4834.
doi: 10.3390/cancers14194834.

Use of Personalized Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and the Impact of AI

Simona-Ruxandra Volovat  1 , Iolanda Augustin  2 , Daniela Zob  2 , Diana Boboc  1 , Florin Amurariti  1 , Constantin Volovat  3 , Cipriana Stefanescu  4 , Cati Raluca Stolniceanu  4 , Manuela Ciocoiu  5 , Eduard Alexandru Dumitras  5   6 , Mihai Danciu  7 , Delia Gabriela Ciobanu Apostol  7 , Vasile Drug  8   9 , Sinziana Al Shurbaji  9 , Lucia-Georgiana Coca  10 , Florin Leon  11 , Adrian Iftene  10 , Paul-Corneliu Herghelegiu  11
Affiliations
Review

Use of Personalized Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and the Impact of AI

Simona-Ruxandra Volovat et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is correlated with genetic and epigenetic alterations in the colonic epithelium. Genetic changes play a major role in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer through the development of gene mutations, but recent research has shown an important role for epigenetic alterations. In this review, we try to describe the current knowledge about epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as the role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic regulators and the prognostic and predictive biomarkers in metastatic colorectal disease that can allow increases in the effectiveness of treatments. Additionally, the intestinal microbiota's composition can be an important biomarker for the response to strategies based on the immunotherapy of CRC. The identification of biomarkers in mCRC can be enhanced by developing artificial intelligence programs. We present the actual models that implement AI technology as a bridge connecting ncRNAs with tumors and conducted some experiments to improve the quality of the model used as well as the speed of the model that provides answers to users. In order to carry out this task, we implemented six algorithms: the naive Bayes classifier, the random forest classifier, the decision tree classifier, gradient boosted trees, logistic regression and SVM.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; metastatic colorectal cancer; ncRNA; predictive biomarkers; prognostic biomarkers.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagrammatic presentation of immunoscore (IS) determination.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Patients’ distribution by age.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Information about a patient.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Correlation between the considered features.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mechanisms by which ncRNAs (circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs) target the main pathways involved in the pathogenesis of CRC (created with Biorender.com).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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