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. 2022 Sep 29;19(19):12396.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912396.

Multicomponent Exercise Program to Improve the Immediate Sequelae of COVID-19: A Prospective Study with a Brief Report of 2-Year Follow-Up

Lidia Martínez Rolando  1   2   3   4   5 , Jorge Hugo Villafañe  6 , Soledad Cercadillo García  2   4   5 , Ana Sanz Argüello  2   4   5 , Marta Villanueva Rosa  2   4   5 , Eleuterio A Sánchez Romero  1   2   3   4
Affiliations

Multicomponent Exercise Program to Improve the Immediate Sequelae of COVID-19: A Prospective Study with a Brief Report of 2-Year Follow-Up

Lidia Martínez Rolando et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

COVID-19 placed teams of professionals in a hostile and unfamiliar environment where the lack of knowledge of its pathology led to the adaptation of programs used so far for other conditions to try to address the immediate sequelae of COVID-19 infection. That is why the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a multicomponent exercise program (MEP) in improving cardio-respiratory performance, health status, disability due to dyspnea, aerobic capacity and endurance, and the immediate sequelae of COVID-19. Thirty-nine patients referred from different hospital services were included in this study. An intervention of seven weeks with sessions twice a week was carried out, where patients underwent intervallic training sessions followed by strengthening exercises and individualized respiratory physiotherapy exercises. The results of this study show a significant improvement in cardio-respiratory performance, health status, disability due to dyspnea, and aerobic capacity and endurance after intervention; and an increase in health status and reduction in disability due to dyspnea at the 2-year follow-up. In addition, none of the patients had any adverse effects either pre-post treatment or at the 2-year follow-up. Individualized and monitored MEP in survivors of COVID-19 showed positive effects in a pre-post evaluation and the 2-year follow up, improving the immediate sequelae of post-COVID-19 patients. This highlights the importance of the professional background of the rehabilitation teams in adapting to an unknown clinical environment.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pulmonary rehabilitation; rehabilitation; therapeutic exercise.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Rehabilitation ward of Rey Juan Carlos Hospital in compliance with COVID normative.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A–D). Exercise protocol of upper limbs performed by patients. These exercises were designed to improve the strength of the upper limb. Anterior deltoids (A), middle deltoids (B), biceps (C) and dorsal muscles (D).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Graphic of the results of the SF-36 Health Questionnaire at Baseline. (B) Graphic of the results of the SF-36 Health Questionnaire at the 2-year follow-up period 2-year follow-up period.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Graphic of the results of the Medical Research Council dyspnea scale at Baseline. (B) Graphic of the results of the Medical Research Council dyspnea scale at the 2-year follow-up period.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Signs and symptoms occurring at the 2-year follow-up period.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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