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. 2022 Oct 1;23(19):11641.
doi: 10.3390/ijms231911641.

Improved Adipose Tissue Function after Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve-Gastrectomy (SADI-S) in Diet-Induced Obesity

Sara Becerril  1   2   3 , Carlota Tuero  4 , Javier A Cienfuegos  2   4 , Amaia Rodríguez  1   2   3 , Victoria Catalán  1   2   3 , Beatriz Ramírez  1   2   3 , Víctor Valentí  2   4 , Rafael Moncada  2   5 , Xabier Unamuno  1   2   6 , Javier Gómez-Ambrosi  1   2   3 , Gema Frühbeck  1   2   3   7
Affiliations

Improved Adipose Tissue Function after Single Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve-Gastrectomy (SADI-S) in Diet-Induced Obesity

Sara Becerril et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Bariatric surgery has been recognized as the safest and most effective procedure for controlling type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in carefully selected patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) and Single Anastomosis Duodenoileal Bypass with SG (SADI-S) on the metabolic profile of diet-induced obese rats. A total of 35 four-week-old male Wistar rats were submitted to surgical interventions (sham operation, SG and SADI-S) after 4 months of being fed a high-fat diet. Body weight, metabolic profile and the expression of molecules involved in the control of subcutaneous white (SCWAT), brown (BAT) and beige (BeAT) adipose tissue function were analyzed. SADI-S surgery was associated with significantly decreased amounts of total fat pads (p < 0.001) as well as better control of lipid and glucose metabolism compared to the SG counterparts. An improved expression of molecules involved in fat browning in SCWAT and in the control of BAT and BeAT differentiation and function was observed following SADI-S. Together, our findings provide evidence that the enhanced metabolic improvement and their continued durability after SADI-S compared to SG rely, at least in part, on the improvement of the BeAT phenotype and function.

Keywords: beige adipose tissue; brown adipose tissue; diet-induced obesity; single anastomosis duodenoileal bypass; sleeve gastrectomy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Body weight and energy expenditure after SG and SADI-S. (a) Growth curves show the evolution of body weight of rats 6 weeks after surgeries. (b) Representative thermal images of the effect of SG and SADI-S on interscapular BAT temperature are also illustrated. Curves show the evolution of (c) oxygen consumption and (d) carbon dioxide production analyzed by indirect calorimetry. (e) Respiratory quotient (RQ), (f) glucose oxidation (GOX) and (g) lipid oxidation (LOX) values are shown. Values are the mean ± SEM (n = 9–13 per group). Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 vs. sham-operated group; ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. SG group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Expression of genes involved in BAT differentiation, function and regulation in DIO rats six weeks after bariatric surgery. (a–o) Bar graphs show the expression levels of genes related to BAT differentiation and function. mRNA data were normalized for the expression of 18S rRNA. The expression in sham-operated rats was assumed to be 1. Values are the mean ± SEM (n = 6–8 per group). Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. sham surgery; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. SG.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Gene and protein expression levels of genes involved in SCWAT function and browning. (a) Bar graphs show the cell surface area (CSA) of subcutaneous adipocytes. (b) Immunostaining of UCP-1 in SCWAT of the experimental animals. Magnification X200 (scale bar = 50 µm). (c–j) Expression levels of genes related to SCWAT function are also represented. mRNA data were normalized for the expression of 18S rRNA. The expression in sham operated rats was assumed to be 1. Values are the mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. *** p < 0.001 vs. sham-operated group; # p < 0.05 vs. SG rats.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Expression of genes related to beige adipose tissue function in BeAT of rats after bariatric surgery (a–i). Bar graphs show the mRNA expression levels of factors related to beige adipose tissue function. mRNA data were normalized for the expression of 18S rRNA. The expression in sham-operated rats was assumed to be 1. Values are the mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). Differences between groups were analyzed one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. sham-operated group; # p < 0.05 vs. SG group and p < 0.1.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic representation of (a) sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and (b) single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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