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. 2022 Sep 29;27(19):6442.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27196442.

Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Present in Solution Using Biomass of Eichhornia crassipes as Bioadsorbent

Eunice López-Ahumada  1 , Mercedes Salazar-Hernández  2 , Alfonso Talavera-López  3 , O J Solis-Marcial  4 , Rosa Hernández-Soto  1 , Jose P Ruelas-Leyva  5 , José Alfredo Hernández  1
Affiliations

Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Present in Solution Using Biomass of Eichhornia crassipes as Bioadsorbent

Eunice López-Ahumada et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The discharge of large amounts of effluents contaminated with gentian violet (GV) and phenol red (PR) threatens aquatic flora and fauna as well as human health, which is why these effluents must be treated before being discarded. This study seeks the removal of dyes, using water lily (Eichhornia crassipes) as an adsorbent with different pretreatments. PR and GV were analyzed by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Equilibrium experimental data showed that Freundlich is the best model to fit PR and SIPS for GV, showing that the adsorption process for both dyes was heterogeneous, favorable, chemical (for GV), and physical (for PR). The thermodynamic analysis for the adsorption process of both dyes depends directly on the increase in temperature and is carried out spontaneously. The Pseudo first Order (PFO) kinetic model for GV and PR is the best fit for the dyes having an adsorption capacity of 91 and 198 mg/g, respectively. The characterization of the materials demonstrated significant changes in the bands of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which indicates that the functional groups could participate in the capture of the dyes together with the electrostatic forces of the medium, from which it be concluded that the adsorption process is carried out by several mechanisms.

Keywords: active site; biomaterials; dyes; gentian violet; heterogeneity; red phenol.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of: (a) Gentian Violet and (b) Phenol red [8,16].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of initial concentration of dyes: (a) WLW-PR, (b) NWL-PR, (c) WLW-GV and (d) NWL-GV.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fitting for the experimental data of PR adsorption at different temperatures employing different isotherm models: (a) WLW and (b) NWL.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Fitting for the experimental data of the adsorption of GV at different temperatures using different isotherm models: (a) WLW and (b) NWL.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Contact time of the adsorption process of PR and GV in WL: (a) 30, (b) 45, and (c) 60 °C.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of adsorbent concentration on removal percentage and adsorption capacity: (a) PR and (b) GV.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM micrographs of WLW after adsorption: for PR (a,b); for GV (c,d).
Figure 8
Figure 8
SEM micrographs of NWL after adsorption: for PR (a,b); for GV (c,d).
Figure 9
Figure 9
XRD patterns of WL with different pretreatments.
Figure 10
Figure 10
ATR-FTIR spectra of WL with the different treatments.
Figure 11
Figure 11
ATR-FTIR spectra of WL after adsorption of dyes: (a) WLW-PR; (b) WLW-GV; (c) NWL-PR and (d) NWL-GV.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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