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Review
. 2022 Oct 4;27(19):6575.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27196575.

Carbazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Siddappa A Patil  1 , Shivaputra A Patil  2 , Ever A Ble-González  1 , Stephen R Isbel  1 , Sydney M Hampton  1 , Alejandro Bugarin  1
Affiliations
Review

Carbazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Siddappa A Patil et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Microbial infection is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in around 1.2 million deaths annually. Due to this, medicinal chemists are continuously searching for new or improved alternatives to combat microbial infections. Among many nitrogen-containing heterocycles, carbazole derivatives have shown significant biological activities, of which its antimicrobial and antifungal activities are the most studied. In this review, miscellaneous carbazole derivatives and their antimicrobial activity are discussed (articles published from 1999 to 2022).

Keywords: antibacterial; antifungal; antimicrobial; carbazole derivatives; drug resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structure of 9H-carbazole (I) and its analog murrayanine (II).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structures of notable carbazole ring containing approved drugs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structures of the reported carbazole derivatives from 1999 to 2009.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structures of the reported carbazole derivatives from 2010 to 2013.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of the reported carbazole derivatives from 2014 to 2015.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structures of the reported carbazole derivatives from 2016 to 2018.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structures of the reported carbazole derivatives from 2019 to 2020.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of the reported carbazole derivatives from 2020 to 2022.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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