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. 2022 Oct 3;14(19):4111.
doi: 10.3390/nu14194111.

The Relationship between Dietary Patterns and High Blood Glucose among Adults Based on Structural Equation Modelling

Yuanyuan Wang  1 , Wei Xie  2 , Ting Tian  2 , Jingxian Zhang  2 , Qianrang Zhu  2 , Da Pan  1 , Dengfeng Xu  1 , Yifei Lu  1 , Guiju Sun  1 , Yue Dai  1   2
Affiliations

The Relationship between Dietary Patterns and High Blood Glucose among Adults Based on Structural Equation Modelling

Yuanyuan Wang et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and high blood glucose in Jiangsu province of China by using structural equation modelling (SEqM). Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited through the 2015 Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance Program in Jiangsu province using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. Dietary patterns were defined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the fitness of EFA. SEqM was used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and high blood glucose. Results: After exclusion, 3137 participants with complete information were analysed for this study. The prevalence of high blood glucose was 9.3% and 8.1% in males and females, respectively. Two dietary patterns: the modern dietary pattern (i.e., high in red meats and its products, vegetables, seafood, condiments, fungi and algae, main grains and poultry; low in other grains, tubers and preserves), and the fruit−milk dietary pattern (i.e., high in milk and its products, fruits, eggs, nuts and seeds and pastry snacks, but low in vegetable oils) were established. Modern dietary pattern was found to be positively associated with high blood glucose in adults in Jiangsu province (multivariate logistic regression: OR = 1.561, 95% CI: 1.025~2.379; SEqM: β = 0.127, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The modern dietary pattern—high intake of red meats—was significantly associated with high blood glucose among adults in Jiangsu province of China, while the fruit−milk dietary pattern was not significantly associated with high blood glucose.

Keywords: dietary pattern; high blood glucose; structural equation modelling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of participants included in the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Radar plot of two dietary patterns by EFA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Measurement model for two dietary patterns by CFA. RMSEA = 0.050, GFI = 0.966, ACFI = 0.954, PGFI = 0.717 and PNFI = 0.412. e, error.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Final structural models. The path standardised coefficients of variables are presented on pathways. RMSEA = 0.068, GFI =0.913, ACFI = 0.891, PGFI= 0.727 and PNFI = 0.315. e, error.
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