Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Sep 28;14(19):4065.
doi: 10.3390/polym14194065.

Gallic Acid Crosslinked Gelatin and Casein Based Composite Films for Food Packaging Applications

Saurabh Bhatia  1   2 , Ahmed Al-Harrasi  1 , Mohammed Said Al-Azri  1 , Sana Ullah  1 , Hafiz A Makeen  3 , Abdulkarim M Meraya  3 , Mohammed Albratty  4 , Asim Najmi  4 , Md Khalid Anwer  5
Affiliations

Gallic Acid Crosslinked Gelatin and Casein Based Composite Films for Food Packaging Applications

Saurabh Bhatia et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

In the current work, we fabricated gelatin-casein-based edible films (GC-EFs) crosslinked with gallic acid (GA). We analyzed the physiochemical characteristics, crystallinity, thermal stability, and surface properties of the EFs using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the edible films possessed a semi-crystalline structure. Addition of GA enhanced the thermal stability of the edible films as well as the surface properties of the films. It was found that a higher concentration of GA (4-5% w/v) significantly improved the surface properties, observed in the surface and cross-sectional examination of SEM micrographs. EFs containing higher amounts of GA showed more compact and denser structures with smoother and more homogeneous surfaces than the control samples. In addition, swelling degree (SD), thickness, water solubility (WS), moisture content (MC), and water vapor permeability (WVP) were found to be low in EFs containing more GA concentration. Mechanical parameters revealed that the Young modulus (Ym) and tensile strength (TS) increased with a rise in GA concentration, and elongation at break (EB) reduced with a rise in GA concentration. In transparency and color analysis, it was observed that GA positively affected the transparency of the edible films.

Keywords: casein; crosslinking; edible films; gallic acid; gelatin; polymers.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of edible films (GC-1, GC-2, GC-3, GC-4, and GC-5).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the edible films (GC-1–GC-5).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Thermogravimetric analysis of the edible films containing varied concentration of gallic acid; GC-1, GC-2, GC-3, GC-4, and GC-5.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD analysis of the gallic acid-added gelatin–casein-based edible films; GC-1, GC-2, GC-3, GC-4, and GC-5.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Gross R.A., Kalra B. Biodegradable polymers for the environment. Science. 2002;297:803–807. doi: 10.1126/science.297.5582.803. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bonilla J., Sobral P.J. Investigation of the physicochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of gelatin-chitosan edible film mixed with plant ethanolic extracts. Food Biosci. 2016;16:17–25. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2016.07.003. - DOI
    1. Wittaya T. Protein-based edible films: Characteristics and improvement of properties. Struct. Funct. Food Eng. 2012;3:44–70.
    1. Azmin S.N.H.M., Hayat N.A.B.M., Nor M.S.M. Development and characterization of food packaging bioplastic film from cocoa pod husk cellulose incorporated with sugarcane bagasse fibre. J. Bioresour. Bioprod. 2020;5:248–255. doi: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.10.003. - DOI
    1. Zhao L., Duan G., Zhang G., Yang H., He S., Jiang S. Electrospun Functional Materials toward Food Packaging Applications: A Review. Nanomaterials. 2020;10:150. doi: 10.3390/nano10010150. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources