Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2023 Feb;10(1):1-7.
doi: 10.1002/ehf2.14205. Epub 2022 Oct 13.

Heart failure and trimethylamine N-oxide: time to transform a 'gut feeling' in a fact?

Affiliations
Editorial

Heart failure and trimethylamine N-oxide: time to transform a 'gut feeling' in a fact?

Giulia Crisci et al. ESC Heart Fail. 2023 Feb.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Multiple pathways and metabolites involved in the synthesis of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO).

References

    1. Tang WHW, Li DY, Hazen SL. Dietary metabolism, the gut microbiome, and heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16: 137–154. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Krack A, Sharma R, Figulla HR, Anker SD. The importance of the gastrointestinal system in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 2368–2374. - PubMed
    1. Salzano A, Cassambai S, Yazaki Y, Israr MZ, Bernieh D, Wong M, Suzuki T. The gut axis involvement in heart failure: focus on trimethylamine N‐oxide. Heart Fail Clin 2020; 16: 23–31. - PubMed
    1. Marra AM, Arcopinto M, Salzano A, Bobbio E, Milano S, Misiano G, Ferrara F, Vriz O, Napoli R, Triggiani V, Perrone‐Filardi P, Saccà F, Giallauria F, Isidori AM, Vigorito C, Bossone E, Cittadini A. Detectable interleukin‐9 plasma levels are associated with impaired cardiopulmonary functional capacity and all‐cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2016; 209: 114–117. - PubMed
    1. Tousoulis D, Guzik T, Padro T, Duncker DJ, de Luca G, Eringa E, Vavlukis M, Antonopoulos AS, Katsimichas T, Cenko E, Djordjevic‐Dikic A, Fleming I, Manfrini O, Trifunovic D, Antoniades C, Crea F. Mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and methodological challenges of gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases: a position paper by the ESC Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation. Cardiovasc Res 2022; cvac057. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types