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Review
. 2024;22(6):1110-1128.
doi: 10.2174/1570159X20666221012142247.

Microneedles: A Versatile Drug Delivery Carrier for Phytobioactive Compounds as a Therapeutic Modulator for Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Akshay Bandiwadekar  1 , Kartik Bhairu Khot  1 , Gopika Gopan  1 , Jobin Jose  1
Affiliations
Review

Microneedles: A Versatile Drug Delivery Carrier for Phytobioactive Compounds as a Therapeutic Modulator for Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Akshay Bandiwadekar et al. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2024.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disease (ND) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, with limited symptomatic therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major risk factor in the progression of ND, and it-increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overexposure to these ROS induces apoptotic changes leading to neuronal cell death. Many studies have shown the prominent effect of phytobioactive compounds in managing mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with ND, mainly due to their antioxidant properties. The drug delivery to the brain is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but effective drug concentration needs to reach the brain for the therapeutic action. Therefore, developing safe and effective strategies to enhance drug entry in the brain is required to establish ND's treatment. The microneedle-based drug delivery system is one of the effective non-invasive techniques for drug delivery through the transdermal route. Microneedles are micronsized drug delivery needles that are self-administrable. It can penetrate through the stratum corneum skin layer without hitting pain receptors, allowing the phytobioactive compounds to be released directly into systemic circulation in a controlled manner. With all of the principles mentioned above, this review discusses microneedles as a versatile drug delivery carrier for the phytoactive compounds as a therapeutic potentiating agent for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for the management of ND.

Keywords: Neurodegenerative diseases; bioavailability.; blood-brain barrier; microneedles; mitochondrial dysfunction; phytobioactive compounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.

Figures

Fig. (1)
Fig. (1)
Mechanism involved in mitochondrial dysfunction.
Fig. (2)
Fig. (2)
Different types of microneedles (a) Solid MN. (b) Hollow MN. (c) Coated MN. (d) Dissolvable MN. (e) Hydrogel-forming MN.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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