Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Oct 26;14(42):47706-47715.
doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c12759. Epub 2022 Oct 14.

Evaluating Electrolyte-Anode Interface Stability in Sodium All-Solid-State Batteries

Grayson Deysher  1 , Yu-Ting Chen  1 , Baharak Sayahpour  1 , Sharon Wan-Hsuan Lin  2 , So-Yeon Ham  1 , Phillip Ridley  2 , Ashley Cronk  1 , Erik A Wu  2 , Darren H S Tan  2 , Jean-Marie Doux  2 , Jin An Sam Oh  2 , Jihyun Jang  2 , Long Hoang Bao Nguyen  2 , Ying Shirley Meng  2   3
Affiliations

Evaluating Electrolyte-Anode Interface Stability in Sodium All-Solid-State Batteries

Grayson Deysher et al. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. .

Abstract

All-solid-state batteries have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential improvements in safety, energy density, and cycle-life compared to conventional liquid electrolyte batteries. Sodium all-solid-state batteries also offer the potential to eliminate costly materials containing lithium, nickel, and cobalt, making them ideal for emerging grid energy storage applications. However, significant work is required to understand the persisting limitations and long-term cyclability of Na all-solid-state-based batteries. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of careful solid electrolyte selection for use against an alloy anode in Na all-solid-state batteries. Three emerging solid electrolyte material classes were chosen for this study: the chloride Na2.25Y0.25Zr0.75Cl6, sulfide Na3PS4, and borohydride Na2(B10H10)0.5(B12H12)0.5. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) imaging, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized to characterize the evolution of the anode-electrolyte interface upon electrochemical cycling. The obtained results revealed that the interface stability is determined by both the intrinsic electrochemical stability of the solid electrolyte and the passivating properties of the formed interfacial products. With appropriate material selection for stability at the respective anode and cathode interfaces, stable cycling performance can be achieved for Na all-solid-state batteries.

Keywords: anode−electrolyte interface; borohydride; chloride; sodium; solid electrolyte; sulfide.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
First cycle voltage curves of Sn | SSE | NYZC | cathode composite cells using (a) NYZC, (b) NPS, and (c) NBH electrolytes. (d) Extended cycling data for the same three full cells. The cells were cycled at 0.064 mA cm–2 (C/10).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cross sections and Na-EDS mapping of the Sn|SSE interface of uncycled cells using (a) NYZC, (b) NPS, and (c) NBH electrolytes. Each cell was cycled once using 0.16 mA cm–2, and the cycling data for (d) NYZC, (e) NPS, and (f) NBH are shown. Cross sections and Na-EDS mapping of the Sn|SSE interface of the cells using (g) NYZC, (h) NPS, and (i) NBH electrolytes after cycling.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Voltage curves of Na9Sn4 | SSE | Sn half cells using (a) NYZC, (b) NPS, and (c) NBH electrolytes cycled at 0.16 mA cm–2. Impedance growth during Sn sodiation for the Na9Sn4 | SSE | Sn half cells using (d) NYZC, (e) NPS, and (f) NBH electrolytes. Interfacial impedance growth during sodiation for (g) NYZC, (h) NPS, and (i) NBH based on the EIS fitting results.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Zr 3d, (b) Y 3d, (c) P 2p, (d) S 2p, and (e) B 1s XPS spectra for NYZC, NPS, NBH, and the electrochemically and chemically sodiated SSEs. Zr metal, Y metal, Na2S, and B are also added as references.
Figure 5
Figure 5
XRD of (a) NYZC, (b) NPS, and (c) NBH after mixing with Na metal and DC polarization electronic conductivity measurements of the reduced (d) NYZC and (e) NPS interphase materials along with (f) pristine NBH.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Mattick C. S.; Williams E.; Allenby B. R. Historical Trends in Global Energy Consumption. IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. 2010, 29, 22–30. 10.1109/MTS.2010.938106. - DOI
    1. Bilgen S. Structure and Environmental Impact of Global Energy Consumption. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2014, 38, 890–902. 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.004. - DOI
    1. Dunn B.; Kamath H.; Tarascon J.-M. Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices. Science 2011, 334, 928–935. 10.1126/science.1212741. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sayahpour B.; Hirsh H.; Parab S.; Nguyen L. H. B.; Zhang M.; Meng Y. S. Perspective: Design of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Sodium-Ion Batteries. MRS Energy Sustainability 2022, 1.10.1557/s43581-022-00029-9. - DOI
    1. Hirsh H. S.; Li Y.; Tan D. H. S.; Zhang M.; Zhao E.; Meng Y. S. Sodium-Ion Batteries Paving the Way for Grid Energy Storage. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2001274.10.1002/aenm.202001274. - DOI