Spinal Mobilization and Manipulation in Horses

Abstract

There is a growing body of evidence to support the use of spinal mobilization and manipulation techniques in equine practice. Outcome parameters reported across studies include measures of joint motion, nociception, muscle tone, and performance. Spinal examination procedures include static and dynamic assessments of the quantity and the quality of both active and passive movements. Tiered treatment approaches are recommended to stage the application of various therapies based on ease, cost, and efficacy.

Keywords: Back pain; Chiropractic; Horse; Manual therapy; Muscle hypertonicity; Osteopathy; Physical therapy; Stiffness.