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. 2022 Oct 4:2022:8774913.
doi: 10.1155/2022/8774913. eCollection 2022.

An Integrated Strategy of Chemical Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology for the Discovery of Efficacy-Related Q-Markers of Pheretima

Ye Shang  1   2 , Suyi Liu  1   2 , Chunxiao Liang  1   2 , Kunze Du  1   2 , Shujing Chen  1   2 , Jin Li  1 , Hua Jin  1   3 , Yanxu Chang  1   2
Affiliations

An Integrated Strategy of Chemical Fingerprint and Network Pharmacology for the Discovery of Efficacy-Related Q-Markers of Pheretima

Ye Shang et al. Int J Anal Chem. .

Abstract

Pheretima, one of the animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines, has been wildly used in various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. However, it was still a big challenge to select the quality markers for Pheretima quality control. The fingerprint and network pharmacology-based strategy was proposed to screen the efficiency related quality markers (Q-Markers) of Pheretima. The ratio of sample to liquid, ultrasonic-extraction time, temperature, and power were optimized by orthogonal design, respectively. The chemical fingerprint of forty batches of Pheretima was established, and six common peaks were screened. The network pharmacology was used to construct the Pheretima-Components-Targets-Pathways-Stroke network. It was found that six potential efficacy Q-markers in Pheretima could exert the relaxing meridians effect to treat stroke through acting on multiple targets and regulating various pathways. A simple HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated to determine the efficacy Q-markers. Grey relational analysis was used to further verify the relation of potential efficiency related quality markers with the anticoagulation activity of Pheretima, which indicated that the contents of these markers exhibited high relationship with the anticoagulation activity. It was concluded that hypoxanthine, uridine, phenylalanine, inosine, guanosine, and tryptophan were selected as quality markers related to relaxing meridians to evaluate the quality of Pheretima. The fingerprint and network pharmacology-based strategy was proved to be a powerful strategy for the discovery of efficiency related Q-markers of Pheretima.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chemical fingerprint of 40 batches of Pheretima. (1) Hypoxanthine, (2) Uridine, (3) Phenylalanine, (4) Inosine, (5) Guanosine, and (6) Tryptophan.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Venn of six components and stroke targets (a). The PPI network of 51 targets (The size and color represented the degree value. Larger and redder meant a greater degree value and betweenness of nodes and edges) (b). The items of GO enrichment (c). The items of KEGG pathways enrichment (d).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Pheretima-Components-Targets-Pathways-Stroke Network. Square, rhombus, hexagon, vee, and circle represent Pheretima, components, targets, pathways, and stroke, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Representative chromatograms of mixed reference standards (a) and Pheretima (b). 1. Hypoxanthine, 2. Uridine, 3. Phenylalanine, 4. Adenine, 5. Inosine, 6. Guanosine, 7. Tryptophan and 8. Adenosine.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Total content of 8 targets ingredients in 40 batches Pheretima (a). The heatmap for the contents of Pheretima (“a” representedstronger activity group, “b” represented a lower activity group. The color of the bar represents relative content) (b).
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