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Review
. 2022 Sep 29:13:968053.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968053. eCollection 2022.

Streptomyces: The biofactory of secondary metabolites

Khorshed Alam  1 , Arpita Mazumder  2 , Suranjana Sikdar  2 , Yi-Ming Zhao  1 , Jinfang Hao  1 , Chaoyi Song  1 , Yanyan Wang  1 , Rajib Sarkar  3 , Saiful Islam  3 , Youming Zhang  1   4 , Aiying Li  1
Affiliations
Review

Streptomyces: The biofactory of secondary metabolites

Khorshed Alam et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Natural products derived from microorganisms serve as a vital resource of valuable pharmaceuticals and therapeutic agents. Streptomyces is the most ubiquitous bacterial genus in the environments with prolific capability to produce diverse and valuable natural products with significant biological activities in medicine, environments, food industries, and agronomy sectors. However, many natural products remain unexplored among Streptomyces. It is exigent to develop novel antibiotics, agrochemicals, anticancer medicines, etc., due to the fast growth in resistance to antibiotics, cancer chemotherapeutics, and pesticides. This review article focused the natural products secreted by Streptomyces and their function and importance in curing diseases and agriculture. Moreover, it discussed genomic-driven drug discovery strategies and also gave a future perspective for drug development from the Streptomyces.

Keywords: Streptomyces; bioactive compounds; genome mining; metagenomics; natural products.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Antibiotics from Streptomyces.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Bioactive compounds from marine Streptomyces.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Compounds with anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm activity.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Antifungal compounds from Streptomyces.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Antiviral compounds from Streptomyces.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Immunostimulant, anti-immune suppressive and vasoactive compounds.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Anti-cancer drugs from Streptomyces.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Insecticides, pesticides and herbicides compounds.
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Natural products from endophytic Streptomyces.
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
Action modes of antibacterial compounds. By targeting the bacterial cell wall/cell membrane, antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth. The synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins are two further targets. The latter is a function of ribosomes, which are nucleoprotein complexes made up of a small and large subunit (30 S and 50 S in bacteria, as shown in the figure). Antibiotics can also operate as antimetabolites by blocking folate metabolism (and thus DNA synthesis) through a pathway that includes para aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and two folic acid precursors, dihydrofolic acid (DHF) and tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) (THF). Antibiotics can stop DNA gyrase from changing the shape of DNA, which is important for replication and transcription.
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