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. 2022 Sep 30:12:100220.
doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100220. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Differentiation of influenza B lineages circulating in different regions of Brazil, 2014-2016, using molecular assay

Daniela Bernardes Borges da Silva  1 , Katia Corrêa de Oliveira Santos  1 , Margarete Aparecida Benega  1 , Terezinha Maria de Paiva  1
Affiliations

Differentiation of influenza B lineages circulating in different regions of Brazil, 2014-2016, using molecular assay

Daniela Bernardes Borges da Silva et al. Vaccine X. .

Abstract

Background: Two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata) have been co-circulating worldwide since 2002. Virological surveillance is essential to differentiate between both lineages with a view to the annual updating of the B component for the trivalent or quadrivalent influenza vaccine composition.

Methods: The samples analyzed in the present study were collected by influenza sentinel units located in the Southeast, Midwest, North, and Northeast regions of Brazil, part of the National Influenza Virus Surveillance Network, coordinated by the Ministry of Health of Brazil. A total of 870 influenza B positive samples by reverse transcription real - time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), collected during 2014, 2015, and 2016 influenza seasons, were submitted to the influenza B lineage genotyping panel for characterization as B/Yamagata or Victoria lineages using RT-qPCR.

Results: Of the 197 samples analyzed in 2014, a total of 160 (81 %) corresponded to the B/Yamagata lineage, 19 (10 %) to the B/Victoria lineage, and 18 (9 %) to indeterminate lineages. Of the 190 samples analyzed in 2015, a total of 124 (65 %) corresponded to the B/Yamagata lineage; 55 (29 %) to the B/Victoria lineage, whereas 11 (6 %) were of indeterminate lineages. Of the 483 samples analyzed in 2016, a total of 297 (62 %) corresponded to the B /Victoria lineage; 174 (36 %) to the B/Yamagata lineage and 12 (2 %) to indeterminate lineages. This cross-sectional study revealed influenza B virus (IBV) infection in all age groups, and among them, the highest prevalence was observed in individuals between 11 and 49 years of age Our findings demonstrate the match between influenza B virus lineages recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the trivalent vaccine composition to be used in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and the predominant circulating viruses during the 2014, 2015, and 2016 seasons.

Keywords: Brazil; Influenza B lineages; RT- qPCR; Southern hemisphere; Vaccine composition; Virological surveillance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of 870 influenza B viruses by lineages (Yamagata and Victoria) by years.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Seasonality of influenza B/lineages (Yamagata, Victoria) during influenza season 2014.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Seasonality of influenza B/lineages (Yamagata, Victoria) during influenza season 2015.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Seasonality of influenza B/lineages (Yamagata, Victoria) during influenza season 2016.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Distribution of influenza B virus lineages (Yamagata and Victoria) by age groups during 2014, 2015 and 2016 influenza seasons.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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