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. 2022 Sep 29:13:986085.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986085. eCollection 2022.

Determinants of anti-S immune response at 6 months after COVID-19 vaccination in a multicentric European cohort of healthcare workers - ORCHESTRA project

Giulia Collatuzzo  1 , Giovanni Visci  1 , Francesco S Violante  1 , Stefano Porru  2 , Gianluca Spiteri  3 , Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco  3 , Francesca Larese Fillon  4 , Corrado Negro  4 , Christian Janke  5 , Noemi Castelletti  5 , Giuseppe De Palma  6 , Emanuele Sansone  6 , Dana Mates  7 , Silvia Teodorescu  7 , Eleonóra Fabiánová  8 , Jana Bérešová  9 , Luigi Vimercati  10 , Silvio Tafuri  10 , Mahsa Abedini  1 , Giorgia Ditano  1 , Shuffield S Asafo  1 , Paolo Boffetta  1   11 ; Orchestra WP5 Working Group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Determinants of anti-S immune response at 6 months after COVID-19 vaccination in a multicentric European cohort of healthcare workers - ORCHESTRA project

Giulia Collatuzzo et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Background: The duration of immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is of major interest. Our aim was to analyze the determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer at 6 months after 2-dose vaccination in an international cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods: We analyzed data on levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 6,327 vaccinated HCWs from 8 centers from Germany, Italy, Romania and Slovakia. Time between 1st dose and serology ranged 150-210 days. Serological levels were log-transformed to account for the skewness of the distribution and normalized by dividing them by center-specific standard errors, obtaining standardized values. We fitted center-specific multivariate regression models to estimate the cohort-specific relative risks (RR) of an increase of 1 standard deviation of log antibody level and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), and finally combined them in random-effects meta-analyses.

Results: A 6-month serological response was detected in 99.6% of HCWs. Female sex (RR 1.10, 95%CI 1.00-1.21), past infection (RR 2.26, 95%CI 1.73-2.95) and two vaccine doses (RR 1.50, 95%CI 1.22-1.84) predicted higher IgG titer, contrary to interval since last dose (RR for 10-day increase 0.94, 95%CI 0.91-0.97) and age (RR for 10-year increase 0.87, 95%CI 0.83-0.92). M-RNA-based vaccines (p<0.001) and heterologous vaccination (RR 2.46, 95%CI 1.87-3.24, one cohort) were associated with increased antibody levels.

Conclusions: Female gender, young age, past infection, two vaccine doses, and m-RNA and heterologous vaccination predicted higher antibody level at 6 months. These results corroborate previous findings and offer valuable data for comparison with trends observed with longer follow-ups.

Keywords: COVID – 19; health care workers (HCW); immune response; serology; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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