Need for Primary Care Providers to Carry out Annual Oral Cancer Examinations

Abstract

Oral and/or oral pharyngeal cancer (OPC) has an approximately 53% five-year survival rate in the United States. It is postulated that the rationale for this low survival rate is due to delayed diagnosis and treatment of OPC at its later stages. Recently the United States Preventive Services Task Force found insufficient evidence to recommend for or against oral cancer examination (OCE) by primary care providers (PCP), i.e., medical providers who are not dental providers or otolaryngologists. The purpose of the paper is to provide a logical discussion of the varied research on OCE, while presenting the evidence for annual opportunistic OCE in the primary care setting. Trained PCPs in OCE have the likelihood of detecting OPC at an early non symptomatic stage, which could result in lower treatment morbidity and mortality due to the disease. This review of the OCE research summarizes evidence that points to a logical benefit of OCE. Opportunistic annual non symptomatic OCE by PCPs who have been trained in OCE techniques may result in consistent early detection of OPC, particularly for patients at high risk for developing the disease.

Keywords: Oral and oropharyngeal cancer; Oral cancer examination; Primary care providers; Screening.

Figure 1:

Conceptual framework for oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis to treatment.