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Review
. 2023 Mar;15(2):e1858.
doi: 10.1002/wnan.1858. Epub 2022 Oct 17.

High spin Fe(III)-doped nanostructures as T1 MR imaging probes

Mauro Botta  1 , Carlos F G C Geraldes  2   3 , Lorenzo Tei  1
Affiliations
Review

High spin Fe(III)-doped nanostructures as T1 MR imaging probes

Mauro Botta et al. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2023 Mar.

Abstract

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) T1 contrast agents based on Fe(III) as an alternative to Gd-based compounds have been under intense scrutiny in the last 6-8 years and a number of nanostructures have been designed and proposed for in vivo diagnostic and theranostic applications. Excluding the large family of superparamagnetic iron oxides widely used as T2 -MR imaging agents that will not be covered by this review, a considerable number and type of nanoparticles (NPs) have been employed, ranging from amphiphilic polymer-based NPs, NPs containing polyphenolic binding units such as melanin-like or polycatechols, mixed metals such as Fe/Gd or Fe/Au NPs and perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions. Iron(III) exhibits several favorable magnetic properties, high biocompatibility and improved toxicity profile that place it as the paramagnetic ion of choice for the next generation of nanosized MRI and theranostic contrast agents. An analysis of the examples reported in the last decade will show the opportunities for relaxivity and MR-contrast enhancement optimization that could bring Fe(III)-doped NPs to really compete with Gd(III)-based nanosystems. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.

Keywords: contrast agents; iron(III)-based nanostructures; magnetic resonance imaging; multifunctional nanoparticles.

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References

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