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. 2022 Oct 17;20(10):e3001835.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001835. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Multiomics in the central Arctic Ocean for benchmarking biodiversity change

Thomas Mock  1 , William Boulton  2 , John-Paul Balmonte  3   4 , Kevin Barry  5 , Stefan Bertilsson  4 , Jeff Bowman  6 , Moritz Buck  4 , Gunnar Bratbak  7 , Emelia J Chamberlain  6 , Michael Cunliffe  8 , Jessie Creamean  5 , Oliver Ebenhöh  9 , Sarah Lena Eggers  10 , Allison A Fong  10 , Jessie Gardner  11 , Rolf Gradinger  11 , Mats A Granskog  12 , Charlotte Havermans  10 , Thomas Hill  5 , Clara J M Hoppe  10 , Kerstin Korte  10 , Aud Larsen  13 , Oliver Müller  9 , Anja Nicolaus  10 , Ellen Oldenburg  9 , Ovidiu Popa  11 , Swantje Rogge  10 , Hendrik Schäfer  14 , Katyanne Shoemaker  15 , Pauline Snoeijs-Leijonmalm  3 , Anders Torstensson  3   4 , Klaus Valentin  10 , Anna Vader  16 , Kerrie Barry  17 , I-M A Chen  17 , Alicia Clum  17 , Alex Copeland  17 , Chris Daum  17 , Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh  17 , Brian Foster  17 , Bryce Foster  17 , Igor V Grigoriev  17 , Marcel Huntemann  17 , Natalia Ivanova  17 , Alan Kuo  17 , Nikos C Kyrpides  17 , Supratim Mukherjee  17 , Krishnaveni Palaniappan  17 , T B K Reddy  17 , Asaf Salamov  17 , Simon Roux  17 , Neha Varghese  17 , Tanja Woyke  17 , Dongying Wu  17 , Richard M Leggett  18 , Vincent Moulton  2 , Katja Metfies  10   19
Affiliations

Multiomics in the central Arctic Ocean for benchmarking biodiversity change

Thomas Mock et al. PLoS Biol. .

Abstract

Multiomics approaches need to be applied in the central Arctic Ocean to benchmark biodiversity change and to identify novel species and their genes. As part of MOSAiC, EcoOmics will therefore be essential for conservation and sustainable bioprospecting in one of the least explored ecosystems on Earth.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The MOSAiC expedition.
(A) Map showing the route of the Polarstern during its drift throughout the MOSAiC expedition, with pins indicating sampling sites. Daily surface water sampling is shown aggregated by week. Maps were created with ggOceanMaps using basemaps from Natural Earth [8]. (B) Infographic of the drifting ice camp representing diverse scientific groups and their “cities” on the surface of sea ice. Credits Alfred-Wegener Institute. (C) Drilling of sea-ice cores in the dark during leg 2 (December 15, 2019). Credits Esther Horvath. (D) CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) rosette for measuring and sampling the sea water underneath sea ice as part of Ocean City. The CTD rosette is lowered through a hole (ca. 1.4 m in diameter) in the sea ice. Credits Ying-Chih Fang.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The EcoOmics project.
(A) Detailed map of EcoOmics pilot sample sites, taken during Leg 2 of the expedition (December 13–February 24). Samples were collected from 5 different ice and water environments, with 2 epipelagic samples pooled from the other 4 samples. (B) Taxonomic abundances, based on the JGI IMG/M taxonomic annotation pipeline. Samples are dominated by bacteria, with a notable enrichment of eukaryotes in the interior sea ice. These same samples are noticeably lacking archaea. (C) Heatmap showing prokaryotic metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs) clustered based on abundances of protein families (Pfams). The highlighted group of protein families are present in significant proportions in a large clade of archaeal MAGs; this group contains a number of ribosome related Pfams specific to archaea. (D) t-SNE ordination to represent environmental filtering for prokaryotic MAGs, based on the abundances of their protein families. A large clade of archaeal MAGs forms a noticeable cluster (bottom right, circled). Some clades are found only in specific environments (green circle = pelagic environment; red circle = sea-ice environment), while others are found more widely such as alpha- and gamma-proteobacteria (black circle = present in all sampled environments). Data used in this manuscript was produced as part of the international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) with the tag MOSAiC20192020 and the Project_ID: AWI_PS122_00.
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