The animated assessment of theory of mind for people with schizophrenia (AToMS): development and psychometric evaluation

Ya-Chin Yeh¹, Chi-Fa Hung^{2

3

4}, Chung-Ying Lin^{5

6

7

8}, Yuh-Yih Wu⁹, Chun-Hong Kuo¹⁰, Marc N Potenza^{11

12

13

14

15

16}, Chun-Hua Cheng¹⁷, Kuan-Lin Chen^{18

19

20}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Occupational Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 821004, Taiwan.
² School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan.
³ Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan.
⁴ College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 912301, Pingtung, Taiwan.
⁵ Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. cylin36933@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. cylin36933@gmail.com.
⁷ Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. cylin36933@gmail.com.
⁸ Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. cylin36933@gmail.com.
⁹ Department of Special Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 802561, Taiwan.
¹⁰ Department of Academic Office, Kaohsiung Municipal Nan-Zih Special School, Kaohsiung, 811214, Taiwan.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹² Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹³ Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA.
¹⁴ Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁶ Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Occupational Therapy, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, 802211, Taiwan.
¹⁸ Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. klchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
¹⁹ Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. klchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
²⁰ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. klchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw.

PMID: 36253583
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01498-2

The animated assessment of theory of mind for people with schizophrenia (AToMS): development and psychometric evaluation

Ya-Chin Yeh et al. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2023 Apr.

. 2023 Apr;273(3):663-677.

doi: 10.1007/s00406-022-01498-2. Epub 2022 Oct 18.

Authors

Ya-Chin Yeh¹, Chi-Fa Hung^{2

3

4}, Chung-Ying Lin^{5

6

7

8}, Yuh-Yih Wu⁹, Chun-Hong Kuo¹⁰, Marc N Potenza^{11

12

13

14

15

16}, Chun-Hua Cheng¹⁷, Kuan-Lin Chen^{18

19

20}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Occupational Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 821004, Taiwan.
² School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan.
³ Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan.
⁴ College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 912301, Pingtung, Taiwan.
⁵ Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. cylin36933@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. cylin36933@gmail.com.
⁷ Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. cylin36933@gmail.com.
⁸ Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. cylin36933@gmail.com.
⁹ Department of Special Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 802561, Taiwan.
¹⁰ Department of Academic Office, Kaohsiung Municipal Nan-Zih Special School, Kaohsiung, 811214, Taiwan.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹² Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹³ Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA.
¹⁴ Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁶ Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Occupational Therapy, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, 802211, Taiwan.
¹⁸ Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. klchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
¹⁹ Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. klchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
²⁰ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. klchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw.

PMID: 36253583
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01498-2

Abstract

Theory of mind (ToM) deficits in people with schizophrenia have been reported and associated with impaired social interactions. Thus, ToM deficits may negatively impact social functioning and warrant consideration in treatment development. However, extant ToM measures may place excessive cognitive demands on people with schizophrenia. Therefore, the study aimed to develop a comprehensible Assessment of ToM for people with Schizophrenia (AToMS) and evaluate its psychometric properties. The AToMs was developed in 5 stages, including item formation, expert review, content validity evaluation, animation production, and cognitive interviews of 25 people with schizophrenia. The psychometric properties of the 16-item AToMS (including reliability and validity) were then tested on 59 people with schizophrenia. The newly developed animated AToMS assesses 8 ToM concepts in the cognitive and affective dimensions while placing minimal neurocognitive demands on people with schizophrenia. The AToMS presented satisfactory psychometric properties, with adequate content validity (content validity index = 0.91); mostly moderate item difficulty (item difficulty index = 0.339-0.966); good discrimination (coefficients = 0.379-0.786), internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.850), and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.901 for test-retest, 0.997 for inter-rater); and satisfactory convergent and divergent validity. The AToMS is reliable and valid for evaluating ToM characteristics in people with schizophrenia. Future studies are warranted to examine the AToMS in other populations (e.g., people with affective disorders) to cross-validate and extend its utility and psychometric evidence.

Keywords: Measure; Psychometric properties; Schizophrenia; Theory of mind.

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References

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The animated assessment of theory of mind for people with schizophrenia (AToMS): development and psychometric evaluation

Affiliations

The animated assessment of theory of mind for people with schizophrenia (AToMS): development and psychometric evaluation

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical