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. 2023:2589:253-268.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2788-4_17.

Assessment of HDAC Inhibitor-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress

Melisa Halilovic  1 , Lisa Marx-Blümel  2   3 , Christian Marx  4 , Katrin Buder  1 , James F Beck  2 , Jürgen Sonnemann  5   6
Affiliations

Assessment of HDAC Inhibitor-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress

Melisa Halilovic et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2023.

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional cell organelle which is important for the folding and processing of proteins. Different endogenous and exogenous factors can disturb the ER homeostasis, causing ER stress and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) to remove misfolded proteins and aggregates. ER stress and the UPR are associated with several human diseases, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are used to treat cancer and were shown to induce ER stress/to modulate the UPR, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood and needs further research. Several approaches to monitoring ER stress exist. Here we describe methods including qPCR, Western blot, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy to analyze changes in mRNA and protein expression levels as well as defects in ER structures after HDAC inhibitor-induced ER stress.

Keywords: Electron microscopy; Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; Fluorescence microscopy; HDAC inhibitor; HDACi; Unfolded protein response (UPR); Western blot; qPCR.

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