Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jan 1;115(1):96-109.
doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2104. Epub 2022 Oct 19.

School age educational outcomes of infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Alyssa R Walden  1 , Wendy N Nembhard  1   2   3 , Chary Akmyradov  4 , Anthony Goudie  5 , Nahed O ElHassan  1   3
Affiliations

School age educational outcomes of infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Alyssa R Walden et al. Birth Defects Res. .

Abstract

Background: To compare academic proficiency among children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) versus controls and identify predictors of academic performance among children with CDH.

Methods: Infants born with CDH in Arkansas, 2000-2005, were identified from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System. For each case, two controls were selected from birth certificate data and matched for hospital and month of birth, sex, and race/ethnicity. Data on re-hospitalization within the first 5 years and payer data were collected from the Arkansas Hospital Inpatient Discharge database. Surviving cases and controls were linked to the Arkansas Department of Education database. Primary outcomes were odds of proficiency on fourth grade literacy and mathematics achievement tests. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the association between study characteristics and academic proficiency.

Results: The final study cohort included 25 surviving CDH cases and 31 controls who were linked to their education data. After adjusting for differences in characteristics (5-min Apgar score and associated congenital anomalies) between cases and controls, there were no statistically significant differences in literacy (72% vs. 84%, p = .93) or mathematics (64% vs. 81%, p = .98) test proficiency between the two groups. In multivariable analyses, among CDH cases, oxygen at discharge and Medicaid payer/longer hospital stay were associated with worse fourth grade literacy and mathematics proficiency, respectively.

Conclusions: Oxygen at discharge, Medicaid payer, and longer hospital stay were associated with lower academic performance among CDH cases.

Keywords: CDH; educational outcomes; neurodevelopmental outcomes; school age outcomes.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. Antiel, R. M., Lin, N., Licht, D. J., Hoffman, C., Waqar, L., Xiao, R., … Hedrick, H. L. (2017). Growth trajectory and neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 52(12), 1944-1948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.063
    1. Bagolan, P., & Morini, F. (2007). Long-term follow up of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery, 16(2), 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.01.009
    1. Benjamin, J. R., Gustafson, K. E., Smith, P. B., Ellingsen, K. M., Tompkins, K. B., Goldberg, R. N., … Goldstein, R. F. (2013). Perinatal factors associated with poor neurocognitive outcome in early school age congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 48(4), 730-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.09.026
    1. Bernbaum, J., Schwartz, I. P., Gerdes, M., D'Agostino, J. A., Coburn, C. E., & Polin, R. A. (1995). Survivors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at 1 year of age: The relationship of primary diagnosis with health and neurodevelopmental sequelae. Pediatrics, 96(5), 907-913. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.96.5.907
    1. Bouman, N., Koot, H., Tibboel, D., & Hazebroek, F. W. (2000). Children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia are at risk for lower levels of cognitive functioning and increased emotional and behavioral problems. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 10(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1072314

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources