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. 2022 Oct 18;15(10):1699-1706.
doi: 10.18240/ijo.2022.10.20. eCollection 2022.

Effectiveness of peripheral defocus spectacle lenses in myopia control: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

Ji-Xian Ma  1 , Si-Wen Tian  1 , Qiu-Ping Liu  1
Affiliations

Effectiveness of peripheral defocus spectacle lenses in myopia control: a Meta-analysis and systematic review

Ji-Xian Ma et al. Int J Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of peripheral defocus spectacle lenses (PDLs) in myopia control.

Methods: Literature retrieval on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and the search time limit was from the establishment of each database to December 29, 2021 were conducted. Change of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial change (AL) were extracted from the literatures that met the inclusion criteria, and RevMan5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis.

Results: A total of 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this Meta-analysis, involving 770 myopic children. The results showed that PDLs could delay the progression of myopia in children with myopia compared with single vision spectacle lenses (SVLs; WMD=0.21 D, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.41, P=0.04). However, there was no significant difference in controlling the growth of axial length (AL) in myopic children (WMD=-0.10 mm, 95%CI: -0.21, 0.01, P=0.07). The results of the effectiveness of myopia control between the two spectacle lenses showed that PDLs were more effective in controlling the progression of myopia (OR=5.73, 95%CI: 2.58, 12.70, P<0.001) and delaying the growth of AL (OR=44.25, 95%CI: 8.84, 221.58, P<0.001) than SVLs, and the differences were statistically significant.

Conclusion: PDLs can control the progression of myopia compared with SVLs, but cannot delay the growth of AL, and the effectiveness of PDLs in myopia control better than SVLs.

Keywords: Meta-analysis; hyperopia defocus; myopia control; myopia defocus; peripheral defocus spectacle lenses.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flow chart of literatures selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Risk of bias assessment.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Forest plot of the change in SER
PDLs: Peripheral defocus spectacle lenses; SVLs: Single vision spectacle lenses; SER: Spherical equivalent refraction; HAL: Highly aspherical lenslets; SAL: Slightly aspherical lenslets; CI: Confidence interval.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Forest plot of the change in AL
PDLs: Peripheral defocus spectacle lenses; SVLs: Single vision spectacle lenses; AL: Axial Length; HAL: Highly aspherical lenslets; SAL: Slightly aspherical lenslets; CI: Confidence interval.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Forest plot for subgroup analysis of the change in SER
PDLs: Peripheral defocus spectacle lenses; SVLs: Single vision spectacle lenses; SER: Spherical equivalent refraction; HAL: Highly aspherical lenslets; SAL: Slightly aspherical lenslets; CI: Confidence interval.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Forest plot for subgroup analysis of the change in AL
PDLs: Peripheral defocus spectacle lenses; SVLs: Single vision spectacle lenses; AL: Axial length; HAL: Highly aspherical lenslets; SAL: Slightly aspherical lenslets; CI: Confidence interval.
Figure 7
Figure 7. Effectiveness of myopia control of change in SER
PDLs: Peripheral-defocus spectacle lenses; SVLs: Single-vision spectacle lenses; SER: Spherical equivalent refraction; HAL: Highly aspherical lenslets; SAL: Slightly aspherical lenslets; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.
Figure 8
Figure 8. Effectiveness of myopia control of change in AL
PDLs: Peripheral-defocus spectacle lenses; SVLs: Single-vision spectacle lenses; AL: Axial length; HAL: Highly aspherical lenslets; SAL: Slightly aspherical lenslets; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.
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