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. 2022 Oct 10:2022:5081413.
doi: 10.1155/2022/5081413. eCollection 2022.

Prognostic Signature GXYLT2 Is Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Bladder Cancer

Shuo Wu  1 , Shipei Qiu  2 , Wei Chen  3 , Liucheng Ding  2 , Lejun Wu  1
Affiliations

Prognostic Signature GXYLT2 Is Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Bladder Cancer

Shuo Wu et al. Dis Markers. .

Abstract

Background: GXYLT2 (glucoside xylosyltransferase 2) was known as an important gene that regulates classical Notch signaling and is involved in progression in human tumors. However, the correlation between GXYLT2 expression and bladder cancer remains unclear.

Methods: GXYLT2 expression was analyzed by ONCOMINE database, GEPIA database, and TIMER database. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized to confirm relationships between GXYLT2 and molecular subtypes of BLCA (bladder cancer). We discovered prognostic value of GXYLT2 in BLCA using GEPIA, LinkedOmics database, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Subsequently, correlations between GXYLT2 and tumor immune infiltration were investigated through TIMER and TISIDB website. We then downloaded data of patients with BLCA from TCGA website, to conduct functional annotations and to construct protein-protein interaction network through STRING and Enrich web servers.

Results: Significant differences were observed between GXYLT2 expression of bladder cancer and normal tissues. GXYLT2 was a poor prognostic biomarker in BLCA with impact on diverse clinical characteristics. We found that GXYLT2 was closely related to tumor immune infiltrated cells and immune genes. Functional annotations indicated that GXYLT2 was linked to immune-related pathways.

Conclusions: The results suggested that GXYLT2 was associated with a poor prognosis and tumor immune cell infiltration of BLCA. GXYLT2 could be a promising therapeutic target in bladder cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
GXYLT2 mRNA expression in different human tumors including bladder cancer. (a) The expression mode of GXYLT2 in different cancers compared with normal tissues in the ONCOMINE database. (b) GXYLT2 expression levels in different cancers from TCGA database by TIMER website. (c) Decreased GXYLT2 was validated in BLCA by GEPIA website. (d) The expression of GXYLT2 increases with clinical stage in BLCA. (e) GXYLT2 expression distributes variously in different subtypes of BLCA. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between GXYLT2 expression levels and the prognosis of patients with BLCA. (a) High GXYLT2 expression predicted worse OS in patients with BLCA by GEPIA website tool. (b) According to the median GXYLT2 expression, patients with bladder cancer were divided into two groups on average. High GXYLT2 expression was correlated with poor OS in the bladder cancer cohort in the LinkedOmics database. (c) OS curve in the Kaplan-Meier plotter database reflected undesirable prognosis value in BLCA. (d–f) In separate stages of BLCA subgroups, high GXYLT2 expression exhibited a poor OS rate regardless of clinical stage. (g, h) The prognostic value of GXYLT2 was independent of gender in BLCA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Correlations between GXYLT2 expression level and BLCA immune infiltration obtained from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The correlation of GXYLT2 and the markers of immune effector cells. (a–f) Monocyte, TAM, M2 macrophage, neutrophils, dendritic cell, and T cell exhaustion.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Associations of the GXYLT2 expression level with immunomodulators in BLCA. (a) Correlations between GXYLT2 expression and immunostimulators. (b) Correlations between GXYLT2 expression and immunoinhibitors.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Enrichment analysis of coexpression network of GXYLT2 and PPI analysis in BLCA. (a) 26 top KEGG pathways were enriched by coexpression network of GXYLT2. (b) 34 top GO terms were enriched by coexpression network of GXYLT2. (c) 20 proteins from PPI network by the STRING database. (d) Four hub genes were further evaluated by TIMER database.
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