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Review
. 2022 Oct 3:12:1008856.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1008856. eCollection 2022.

Crosstalk among long non-coding RNA, tumor-associated macrophages and small extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis and dissemination

Li-Jie Zhang  1 , Feng Chen  2 , Xiao-Ru Liang  1 , Murugavel Ponnusamy  3 , Hao Qin  4 , Zhi-Juan Lin  1
Affiliations
Review

Crosstalk among long non-coding RNA, tumor-associated macrophages and small extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis and dissemination

Li-Jie Zhang et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which lack protein-coding ability, can regulate cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment that have a significant impact on cancer progression. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are crucial mediators of intercellular communications. Cancer cell and macrophage-derived sEV can carry lncRNAs that influence the onset and progression of cancer. Dysregulation of lncRNAs, TAMs, and sEV is widely observed in tumors which makes them valuable targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize current updates on the interactions among sEV, lncRNAs, and TAMs in tumors and provide new perspectives on cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: TAMs; lncRNA; sEV; tumor microenvironment; tumorigenesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their effects on cancer cells. In the tumor microenvironment, macrophages can polarize into M1 and M2 phenotypes in response to different stimuli. Both M1-likeTAMs and M2-likeTAMs can secrete cytokines and small extracellular vesicles (sEV) to inhibit or promote tumor progression.
Figure 2
Figure 2
TAMs regulate the expression level of IncRNAs in tumors. TAMs upregulate or downregulate the expression of IncRNAs by secreting multiple cytokines. Then, these IncRNAs affect tumor progression through activating various signaling pathways.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TAMs-derived sEV in the crosstalk between IncRNAs and TAMs, TAMs secret sEV to transport IncRNAs into cancer cells to affect cancer cells proliferation, apotosis, migration, invasion and drug resistance through different ways.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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