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Multicenter Study
. 2023 Jan 19;61(1):2200502.
doi: 10.1183/13993003.00502-2022. Print 2023 Jan.

Efficacy of three COVID-19 vaccine doses in lung transplant recipients: a multicentre cohort study

Gaëlle Dauriat  1 , Laurence Beaumont  2   3 , Liem Binh Luong Nguyen  4   3 , Benjamin Renaud Picard  5 , Morgane Penhouet  6 , Benjamin Coiffard  7 , Mathilde Salpin  8 , Xavier Demant  9 , Christel Saint Raymond  10 , Nicolas Carlier  11 , Jonathan Messika  8 , Martine Reynaud Gaubert  7 , Isabelle Danner  6 , Floriane Gallais  12 , Antoine Roux  2 , Jérôme Le Pavec  13   14   15
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Efficacy of three COVID-19 vaccine doses in lung transplant recipients: a multicentre cohort study

Gaëlle Dauriat et al. Eur Respir J. .

Abstract

Question addressed by the study: Do three coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses induce a serological response in lung transplant recipients?

Methods: We retrospectively included 1071 adults (551 (52%) males) at nine transplant centres in France. Each had received three COVID-19 vaccine doses in 2021, after lung transplantation. An anti-spike protein IgG response, defined as a titre >264 BAU·mL-1 after the third dose (median (interquartile range (IQR)) 3.0 (1.7-4.1) months), was the primary outcome and adverse events were the secondary outcomes. Median (IQR) age at the first vaccine dose was 54 (40-63) years and median (IQR) time from transplantation to the first dose was 64 (30-110) months.

Results: Median (IQR) follow-up after the first dose was 8.3 (6.7-9.3) months. A vaccine response developed in 173 (16%) patients. Factors independently associated with a response were younger age at vaccination, longer time from transplantation to vaccination and absence of corticosteroid or mycophenolate therapy. After vaccination, 51 (5%) patients (47 non-responders (47/898 (5%)) and four (4/173 (2%)) responders) experienced COVID-19, at a median (IQR) of 6.6 (5.1-7.3) months after the third dose. No responders had severe COVID-19 compared with 15 non-responders, including six who died of the disease.

Conclusions: Few lung transplant recipients achieved a serological response to three COVID-19 vaccine doses, indicating a need for other protective measures. Older age and use of mycophenolate or corticosteroids were associated with absence of a response. The low incidence of COVID-19 might reflect vaccine protection via cellular immunity and/or good adherence to shielding measures.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None for any authors.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Patient flowchart. mAb: monoclonal antibody.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

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