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Published Erratum
. 2023 Jan;49(1):410-414.
doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.09.012. Epub 2022 Oct 18.

Corrigendum to 'Cavitation emissions nucleated by Definity infused through an EkoSonic catheter in a flow phantom' [Ultrasound in Med & Biol. 47 (2021) 693-709]

Daniel Suarez Escudero  1 , Maxime Lafond  2 , Nuria G Salido  1 , Kevin J Haworth  3 , Alexander S Hannah  4 , Gregory P Macke  1 , Curtis Genstler  5 , Christy K Holland  6
Affiliations
Published Erratum

Corrigendum to 'Cavitation emissions nucleated by Definity infused through an EkoSonic catheter in a flow phantom' [Ultrasound in Med & Biol. 47 (2021) 693-709]

Daniel Suarez Escudero et al. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2023 Jan.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
Effect of infused Definity concentration on the (a) ultraharmonic and (b) inharmonic total cavitation energy, indicative of stable and inertial cavitation, respectively. Results are presented as the total energy in a single 14.4-ms pulse obtained in three experimental runs, calculated using eqn (9). Error bars are the standard deviations across seven pulses and three runs (n = 21). The black lines are four-parameter sigmoid fits of the data, weighted by the inverse of the coefficient of variation. B-Mode image inserts were acquired at the end of a 3-min infusion with infused Definity concentrations of 4.0×107 and 8.0×108microbubbles/mL.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.
(a) Ultraharmonic and inharmonic acoustic emissions within seven 15-ms pulses at a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. The concentration of Definity infused through the catheter was 4.0×107microbubbles/mL. Data are represented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 7). Time points 0.6, 1.7 and 11.5 ms are marked with gray dashed lines. The 0-ms time point corresponds to the start of the ultrasound pulse. (b) Cross-sectional multiplex images of cavitation emissions obtained by passive cavitation imaging for processing windows starting at 0.6 ms (left column), 1.7 ms (middle column) and 11.5 ms (right column). B-Mode ultrasound in gray scale and passive cavitation image overlays: signal from the transducers (harmonics) in blue, stable cavitation (ultraharmonics) in green and inertial cavitation (inharmonics) in red. The color maps represent values in decibels relative to 1μJ mV2/MPa2. The bottom row illustrates the merged inharmonic and ultraharmonic layers, highlighting the spatiotemporal dynamics of stable and inertial cavitation.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.
(a) Stable and (b) inertial cavitation activity measured throughout Definity infusions at 2.0 mL/min through the EkoSonic catheter. The concentration of Definity infused through the catheter was 4.0×107microbubbles/mL. Cavitation activity measured in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only (noise) is plotted as a dashed black line. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). (c) Passive cavitation images of the average stable (left) and inertial (right) energy acquired over the course of one 3-min infusion of Definity.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.
(a) Stable and inertial cavitation activity at a single axial image location in the flow phantom during a single 3-min infusion at 2.0 mL/min with a catheter pullback rate of 0.5 mm/s. The concentration of Definity infused through the catheter was 4.0×107microbubbles/mL. Data time points were aligned in post-processing to set the first peak at 0 s to compensate for positioning variability between experimental runs (n = 3). (b) Composite passive cavitation images acquired at time points when the array was above the first (T1) and fourth (T4) pairs of transducers.
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Erratum for

References

    1. Szabo TL. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging: Inside out. New York, NY: Elsevier, 2014, p. 399.

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