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. 2022 Oct 4:13:1038487.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1038487. eCollection 2022.

Halometabolites isolated from the marine-derived fungi with potent pharmacological activities

Yu Chen  1 , Lian-Cheng Xu  1 , Shan Liu  1 , Zi-Xiang Zhang  2 , Guan-Yi Cao  1
Affiliations

Halometabolites isolated from the marine-derived fungi with potent pharmacological activities

Yu Chen et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Halometabolites, usually produced in marine environment, are an important group of natural halogenated compounds with rich biological functionality and drugability and thus play a crucial role in pharmaceutical and/or agricultural applications. In the exploration of novel halometabolites from marine microorganisms, the growing number of halogenated compounds makes it necessary to fully present these metabolites with diverse structures and considerable bioactivities. This review particularly focuses on the chemodiversity and bioactivities of halometabolites from marine-derived fungi. As a result, a total of 145 naturally halogenated compounds, including 118 chlorinated, 23 brominated, and four iodinated compounds, were isolated from 17 genera of marine-derived fungi. Interestingly, many of halometabolites, especially for the brominated and iodinated compounds, are generated by the substitution of bromide and iodide ions for the chloride ion in cultivation process. In addition, these compounds possess diverse structural types, which are classified into polyketides (62.7%), phenols (16.6%), alkaloids (14.5%), and terpenoids (6.2%). Their cytotoxic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities indicate the high potential of these halogenated compounds as lead compounds for drug discovery.

Keywords: biological activities; chemical diversity; halometabolites; marine fungi; natural products.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Halogenated azaphilones from marine-derived fungi (1–19).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Halogenated azaphilones from marine-derived fungi (Continue) (20–39).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Halogenated benzophenones from marine-derived fungi (40–64).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Halogenated coumarin−/chromone/pyran−/furan-derived polyketides from marine-derived fungi (65–85).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Other halogenated polyketides from marine-derived fungi (86–91).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Halogenated terpenoids from marine-derived fungi (92–100).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Halogenated alkaloids from marine-derived fungi (101–121).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Halogenated phenolic derivatives from marine-derived fungi (122–145).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Induced production of halometabolites with different cultural conditions. (A) Azaphilones produced by Aspergillus falconensis; (B) Azaphilones produced by Penicillium janthinellum; (C) Anthraquinones produced by Aspergillus sp. SCSIO F063; (D) Prenylated indole alkaloids produced by Malbranchea aurantiaca; (E) Cytochalasin produced by Phomopsis sp. QYM-13; (F) Epipolythiodiketopiperazines produced by Trichoderma sp. TPU199.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(A) Proportion of halometabolites from marine-derived fungi; (B) Structural classes of halometabolites.
Figure 11
Figure 11
(A) Numbers of halometabolites from different marine-derived fungi; (B) Numbers of halometabolites from different sources of marine origins.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Percentages of bioactivities of halometabolites.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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