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. 2022 Oct 4:10:977101.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.977101. eCollection 2022.

Balanites aegyptiaca leaf extract-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their catalytic dye degradation and antifungal efficacy

Anita Dhaka  1 , Shani Raj  1 , Chanda Kumari Githala  1 , Suresh Chand Mali  1 , Rohini Trivedi  1
Affiliations

Balanites aegyptiaca leaf extract-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their catalytic dye degradation and antifungal efficacy

Anita Dhaka et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

This study describes the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) leaf extract. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy with (SEM-EDS). The AgNPs showed an average size of 10-20 nm, spherical shape, and crystalline nature. The application of these synthesized AgNPs to dye degradation showed that the AgNPs removed the two organic pollutants methylene blue (MB, 93.47%) and congo red (CR, (78.57%). In vitro investigation of the antifungal activity of the AgNPs against Fusarium oxysporum, a phytopathogenic fungus, showed a maximum percent radial growth inhibition of 82.00 ± 1.00% and a spore percent inhibition of 73.66 ± 3.94 for 150 μg/ml of biosynthesized AgNPs.

Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca; antifungal activity; dye degradation; green synthesis; silver nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
UV-visible spectra of synthesized AgNPs [inlet (A) AgNO3; (B) plant extract; (C) AgNPs].
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Optimization of synthesis of silver nanoparticles at different parameters. (A) AgNO3 concentration. (B) pH. (C) Temperature. (D) Time duration.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
FTIR spectra of synthesized AgNPs.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
(A) Raman spectroscopy of synthesized AgNPs. (B) XRD pattern of synthesized AgNPs. (C) Zeta potential. (D) Size distribution of synthesized AgNPs.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
(A,B) TEM micrographs of AgNPs. (C) SAED pattern. (D,E) SEM micrographs. (F) Histogram showing the average particle size distribution of synthesized AgNPs.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
EDS spectrum of synthesized AgNPs.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
UV-visible absorption spectra analysis of (A) catalytic degradation of MB by NaBH4 in the presence of AgNPs and (B) pseudo-first-order plot of ln(At/A0) vs. time of MB. (C) Percent degradation of MB over time by AgNPs. (D) Catalytic degradation of CR by NaBH4 in the presence of AgNPs. (E) Pseudo-first order plot of ln(At/A0) vs. time of CR. (F) Percent degradation of CR over time by AgNPs.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
In vitro antifungal activity of synthesized AgNPs. (A) Control. (B) Plant extract. (C) AgNO3. (D–F) 50, 100, and 150 µg/ml of AgNPs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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