Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Oct 11:2022:5482895.
doi: 10.1155/2022/5482895. eCollection 2022.

The Comparative Pharmaco- and Histokinetics of the Therapeutic Dose of Estradiol Valerate and Bromocriptine in Common Quails

Muhammad Nadeem  1 , Mehr-Un Nisa  2 , Maria Hussain Bangash  3 , Zain Ul Abideen  1 , Rukhsana Sattar  1 , Huma Sattar  4 , Muhammad Saif Ullah  1 , Tahira Ruby  5 , Aleem Ahmed Khan  5 , Aqeel Ahmad  6
Affiliations

The Comparative Pharmaco- and Histokinetics of the Therapeutic Dose of Estradiol Valerate and Bromocriptine in Common Quails

Muhammad Nadeem et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Retraction in

Abstract

The current study is aimed at examining the overall effects of steroids on the tissues of organisms and pharmacotherapeutics and pharmaco-histokinetics of several steroids, including Bromocriptine as mesylate and estradiol valerate in common quails (Coturnix coturnix). A total of 100 birds were used for pharmaco-histokinetics. The research was carried out in two separate trials, one during the fall season and the other during the spring season. Each experiment lasted for five, ten, fifteen, and twenty days. Each study group used 20 birds while basing their experiments on a control group of 5. At the stretch of five, ten, fifteen, and twenty days in each season, therapeutic dosages were administered to a sum of two groups representing two separate steroid trial groups. Each steroid was administered to each bird in a therapeutic dose, which was three drops administered twice daily. Clinical symptoms include despondency, sluggishness, and variations in weight and temperature that almost all treated birds display. However, only in trials conducted in the fall was a sizable degree of body enlargement in one treated bird noticed. The winter testing showed a mortality rate. Four birds have died in the twenty-day group. One bird died when treated with estradiol valerate, and three birds died treated with Bromocriptine as mesylate. Both the male and female birds showed signs of having lost some of their body weight. The treated birds' kidney, stomach, hearts, and livers exhibited some edema. In comparison, almost all birds show enteritis, which indicates that steroids mainly affect the intestine. There were apparent differences in the histological analysis of heart and skeletal muscle and some treated birds with the control group. The kidney, liver, and intestine show the major histopathological change in all treated birds.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Dissections of common quail Pregnova-treated birds. The dissection of common quail treated with Pregnova is done to compare it with controlled groups, and morphological characters have been observed keenly.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dissections of common quail Brotin-treated birds. The dissection of common quail treated with Brotin is done to compare it with controlled groups, and morphological characters have been observed deeply.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Five-day winter trial Brotin-treated heart. The photomicrographic representation of the heart in common quails treated with Brotin in the first five days of trial. It shows the congestion and hemorrhages in the tissues of the heart.
Figure 4
Figure 4
10-day summer trial Pregnova-treated heart. The photomicrographic representation of the heart in common quails treated with Brotin in ten days' trial. It shows the inflammation in the tissues of the heart and necrosis with blood clotting at some points of the tissues of the heart.
Figure 5
Figure 5
15-day winter trial Brotin-treated heart. The photomicrographic representation of the heart in common quails treated with Brotin in fifteen days' trials. It shows the inflammation in the tissues of the heart and fibroblasts.
Figure 6
Figure 6
20-day winter trial Brotin-treated heart. The photomicrographic representation of the heart in common quails treated with Brotin in twenty days' trial. It shows the inflammation in the tissues of the heart and microhemorrhages.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Histology of common quail normal bird's muscles (40x). Photomicrographic representation of quail's muscle sections was observed.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Five-day winter trial Pregnova-treated muscles. Photo representation of muscles of common quails treated with Pregnova in the first five days of the winter trial showed inflammation at specific muscle and fibroblast points.
Figure 9
Figure 9
10-day summer trial Brotin-treated muscles. Photo representation of muscles of common quails treated with Pregnova in ten days of summer trial showed necrosis at specific muscle and fibroblast points.
Figure 10
Figure 10
20-day summer trial Brotin-treated muscles. Photo representation of muscles of common quails treated with Pregnova in ten days of summer trial showed congestion at specific muscle points and dilation in the vessel.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Histology of common quail normal liver (40x). Photomicrographic representation of liver sections in common quails that shows normal histological parameters and structures.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Five-day summer trial Pregnova-treated liver. Photomicrographic representation of liver sections in common quails that shows normal histological parameters and structures.
Figure 13
Figure 13
10-day winter trial Brotin-treated liver. Photo representation of the liver of common quails treated with Brotin in ten days of winter trial showed exudation at specific liver points and severe hemorrhages.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Five-day summer trial Pregnova-treated kidney. Photo representation of the kidney of common quails treated with Pregnova in five days of summer trial showing inflammation and hemorrhages.
Figure 15
Figure 15
10-day winter trial Brotin-treated kidney. Photo representation of the kidney of common quails treated with Pregnova in ten days of winter trial showing inflammation and hemorrhages.
Figure 16
Figure 16
15-day summer trial Pregnova-treated kidney. Photo representation of the kidney of common quails treated with Pregnova in fifteen days of summer trial showing blood clotting and bursting of the blood vessel.
Figure 17
Figure 17
20-day winter trial Brotin-treated kidney (40x). Photo representation of the kidney of common quails treated with Brotin in twenty days of winter trial showing inflammation and inflammatory exudate.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Domínguez R., Flores A., Cruz-Morales S. E. Hormonal and neural mechanisms regulating hormone steroids secretion. Steroids Basic Science . 2012;3:p. 32. doi: 10.5772/29314. - DOI
    1. Boon C. S., McClements D. J., Weiss J., Decker E. A. Factors influencing the chemical stability of carotenoids in foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition . 2010;50(6):515–532. doi: 10.1080/10408390802565889. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jefcoate C. R., McNamara B. C., Artemenko I., Yamazaki T. Regulation of cholesterol movement to mitochondrial cytochrome P450scc in steroid hormone synthesis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology . 1992;43(8):751–767. doi: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90305-3. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Marrone B. L., Gentry R. T., Wade G. N. Gonadal hormones and body temperature in rats: effects of estrous cycles, castration and steroid replacement. Physiology & Behavior . 1976;17(3):419–425. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(76)90101-3. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Schuurs A., Verheul H. Effects of gender and sex steroids on the immune response. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry . 1990;35(2):157–172. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(90)90270-3. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources