Challenges in management of microbial keratitis during COVID-19 pandemic related lockdown: a comparative analysis with pre pandemic data

Abstract

Purpose: To study the challenges of managing microbial keratitis(MK) during the COVID19 pandemic related lockdown and assess the outcomes of treatment at a tertiary cornea service.

Methods: Retrospective, non comparative study of electronic medical records of MK presenting to a network of four tertiary care cornea services. The medical history, presenting clinical features, microbiology work up and treatment outcomes were analyzed. The primary outcome measure was final outcome at last follow up. Secondary outcomes measures were non-compliance to treatment due to travel restrictions, therapeutic PKP not done due non availability of corneal tissues. Results- MK was noted in 330 eyes of 330 patients between April and May 2020. Of these 237(71.8%) were males. Median age was 45 years(IQR, 33-56). Low socioeconomic status noted in 102(30.9%). Patients travelling beyond the district from where the hospital was located comprised of 64.9%(n=214). At a median follow up of 32 days(IQR, 9-54), 118(35.8%) patients had resolved, with medical management, 73(22.1%) patients were under active treatment, 139(42.1%) were lost to follow up. Sixty-six patients(20%) were non-compliant to treatment of which 59 could not follow appointment schedule due to travel restrictions. Therapeutic PKP (TPK) was planned in 48/128 (37.5%) patients, but was performed in only 34/48 (70.8%) due to non-availability of donor corneas.

Conclusions: Abnormal social circumstances due to the COVID pandemic and the ensuing impediments to travel for access to health care affected compliance to treatment of ocular emergencies such as microbial keratitis.

Keywords: COVID; Infectious keratitis; Microbial keratitis; Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty.