CRYOGLOBULINEMIC VASCULITIS

Abstract

Background: Cryoglobulinemia is a hematologic condition characterized by the presence of immunologic proteins in the blood, resulting from underlying malignancy to chronic viral processes. The recognition of this condition is critically vital, as patients can first present to the emergency department as their initial manifestation of disease.

Case report: We present a case of cryoglobulinemia, discuss the clinically important types, their presentations, and then emergent complications that can be encountered in the emergency setting. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Cryoglobulinemia comes in two clinically significant types, both of which can be indicative of an underlying hematologic malignancy, autoimmune, or viral process. The presentation can appear dramatic and can also mimic severe critical illness, for example, meningococcemia. Recognition and appropriate disposition is crucial for the best patient outcome.

Keywords: cryoglobulinemia; hyperviscosity syndrome; meningococcemia; purpura; vasculitis.