Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Poultry Feed in Selected Chicken Rearing Villages of Bishoftu Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Aflatoxins (AFs) are major contaminants of feed used in the poultry industry that negatively affect animal and human health. In Ethiopia, previous studies on AFs mainly considered cattle feed and milk but scarce information exists for poultry feeds.

Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of AFs in poultry feed in selected chicken rearing villages of Bishoftu. The study was conducted from December 2018 to May 2019. Thirty-three compound poultry feed samples were collected and analyzed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) and total AFs (AFT) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The moisture content of the samples was also determined.

Results: The result indicated that 31 (94%) from a total of 33 samples were contaminated with AFs. The mean levels of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFT were 70.11 µg/kg, 13.50 µg/kg, 88.55 µg/kg, 18.00 µg/kg and 190.18 µg/kg, respectively. This study found AFs at a level above the limit of FDA regulatory levels of 20 µg/kg in 25 (72.75%) samples for AFT and 22 (66.67%) samples for AFB1. The analysis of moisture content of the samples, ranges from 7.33% to 11.17%, indicating all were at optimal value (<12%).

Conclusion: The study showed the high contamination of AFs in poultry feeds with optimal moisture content and hence further investigations are needed to address the cause. The study also supports the need for preventive strategies of AFs contamination in poultry feeds in Bishoftu.

Keywords: Bishoftu; HPLC; aflatoxins; poultry feeds.

Figure 1

Calibration curve for eight calibration points of AFs standards containing various concentrations per injection solvent (0.5, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 µg/kg), r = 0.99978.