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Review
. 2022 Dec;1518(1):120-130.
doi: 10.1111/nyas.14917. Epub 2022 Oct 26.

Evolution of neuroglia

Alexei Verkhratsky  1   2   3   4   5 , Amaia M Arranz  2   3 , Katarzyna Ciuba  6 , Aleksandra Pękowska  6
Affiliations
Review

Evolution of neuroglia

Alexei Verkhratsky et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

The evolution of the nervous system progressed through cellular diversification and specialization of functions. Conceptually, the nervous system is composed of electrically excitable neuronal networks connected by chemical synapses and nonexcitable glial cells that provide for homeostasis and defense. The evolution of neuroglia began with the emergence of the centralized nervous system and proceeded through a continuous increase in their complexity. In the primate brain, especially in the brain of humans, the astrocyte lineage is exceedingly complex, with the emergence of new types of astroglial cells possibly involved in interlayer communication and integration.

Keywords: astroglia; evolution; microglia; myelin; neuroglia; oligodendroglia.

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References

REFERENCES

    1. Verkhratsky, A., & Nedergaard, M. (2018). Physiology of astroglia. Physiological Reviews, 98, 239-389.
    1. Verkhratsky, A., & Butt, A. M. (2013). Glial physiology and pathophysiology. Wiley-Blackwell.
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    1. Kettenmann, H., Hanisch, U. K., Noda, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2011). Physiology of microglia. Physiological Reviews, 91, 461-553.
    1. Nave, K. A., & Werner, H. B. (2014). Myelination of the nervous system: Mechanisms and functions. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 30, 503-533.

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