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. 2022 Oct 17;8(10):665.
doi: 10.3390/gels8100665.

Characterization of Acid- and Pepsin-Soluble Collagen Extracted from the Skin of Purple-Spotted Bigeye Snapper

Siti Nur Hazwani Oslan  1 , Rossita Shapawi  2 , Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar  3 , Wan Norhana Md Noordin  4 , Nurul Huda  1
Affiliations

Characterization of Acid- and Pepsin-Soluble Collagen Extracted from the Skin of Purple-Spotted Bigeye Snapper

Siti Nur Hazwani Oslan et al. Gels. .

Abstract

Fish processing waste is a prospective source of collagen and a cost-effective environmental pollutant. The skin of the purple-spotted bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus) was extracted utilising various acid soluble collagens (ASC) including acetic acid (AAC), lactic acid (LAC), citric acid (CAC) and pepsin soluble collagens (PSC). In this study, PSC (6.65%) had the highest collagen yield, followed by AAC (5.79%), CAC (4.15%), and LAC (3.19%). The maximum temperatures (Tmax) denaturation of AAC, LAC, CAC, and PSC were 31.4, 31.7, 31.5, and 33.2 °C, respectively. UV-VIS absorption spectra showed all extracted collagens had a range of absorbance at 230 nm, due to the presence of glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and triple-helical collagen. Additionally, they exhibited amide A, B, amide I, II, and III peaks. SDS−PAGE identified all extracted collagens as type I. The PSC had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) hydroxyproline content than acidic extraction 66.3 ± 1.03 (mg/g sample). Furthermore, all samples were extremely soluble in acetic conditions at pH 5, and all collagen was soluble in NaCl up to 3% (w/v). Therefore, PSC was the best treatment since it did not impact collagen triple helical and acetic acid yielded the most collagen in ASC extraction. Overall, the analysis revealed that fish skin waste might be used as an alternate source of collagen in diverse applications, particularly in food applications.

Keywords: characterization; collagen; extraction; fish processing waste; skin purple-spotted bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Ultraviolet spectra of collagen extracted ASC and PSC from skin of purple-spotted bigeye.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SDS-PAGE- Electrophoresis analysis of collagen extractions from the skin of purple-spotted bigeye: (reducing 1–4); Lane 1, Acetic acid; lane 2, Citric acid; lane 3, Lactic acid; lane 4, Pepsin; lane 5, type I collagen from bovine and lane 6, protein marker; (non-reducing 7–10); Lane 7, Acetic acid; lane 8, Citric acid; lane 9, Lactic acid; lane 10, Pepsin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FTIR patterns of purple-spotted bigeye snapper skin collagen extracted with different acids and pepsin. AAC: Acetic acid collagen; LAC: Lactic acid collagen; CAC: Citric acid collagen; PSC: Pepsin soluble collagen.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relative solubility of the skin purple-spotted bigeye snapper collagens. (a) Effect of the collagen at different pH. (b) Effect of the collagen at different NaCl concentrations. Circle—Acetic acid collagen, AAC; Diamond—Lactic acid collagen, LAC; Triangular—Citric acid ollagen, CAC; Square—pepsin soluble collagen, PSC.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic representation of the extraction processes to obtain collagen from skin purple-spotted bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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