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. 2022 Oct 7;10(10):2508.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102508.

The Role of Probiotic Bacillus Spores and Amino Acids with Immunoglobulins on a Rat Enteropathy Model

Maria-Adriana Neag  1 , Carmen-Stanca Melincovici  2 , Adrian Catinean  3 , Dana-Maria Muntean  4 , Raluca-Maria Pop  1 , Ioana-Corina Bocsan  1 , Andrei-Otto Mitre  5 , Mihai-Bogdan Cardos  6 , Andreea-Ioana Inceu  1 , Anca-Dana Buzoianu  1
Affiliations

The Role of Probiotic Bacillus Spores and Amino Acids with Immunoglobulins on a Rat Enteropathy Model

Maria-Adriana Neag et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are some of the most widely used drugs due to their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic pharmacological effects. Gastrointestinal side effects are some of the most severe and frequent side effects of NSAIDs. These depend on the balance of the gut microbiome, the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, and the amount of lipopolysaccharide released. Therefore, restoring or improving gut bacteria balance with probiotic supplements could prove to be an adjuvant therapy against mild NSAID-induced enteropathy. Twenty-five Wistar albino male rats were divided into five groups. The negative control group was administered carboxymethylcellulose and the positive control group diclofenac (DIC), 8 mg/kg for 7 days, which represented the enteropathy model. Treatment groups consisted of a combination of pro-biotic spores (MSB), amino acids and immunoglobulins supplement (MM), which were also administered for 7 days. We analyzed hepatic injury markers (AST, ALT) and creatinine, and inflammatory markers, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, iNOS, as well as total antioxidant capacity. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the modulation of the intestinal microbiota by administration of probiotics (Bacillus spores), alone or in combination with immunoglobulins and amino acids, represents an attractive therapy for the prevention of NSAID-induced enteropathy.

Keywords: NSAIDs; enteropathy; inflammation; microbiota; probiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The mean value and standard deviation of PGE2 between the analyzed groups. Group I-CMC, negative control group; group II-DIC, disease control group; group III-MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic; group IV-MM+DIC, group receiving MegaMucosa; group V-MM+MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic and MegaMucosa; *, p < 0.05 compared with group II (DIC); #, p < 0.05 compared with group I (CMC).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The mean value and standard deviation of iNOS between the analyzed groups. Group I-CMC, negative control group; group II-DIC, disease control group; group III-MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic; group IV-MM+DIC, group receiving MegaMucosa; group V-MM+MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic and MegaMucosa.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean value and standard deviation of IL-6 between analyzed groups. Group I-CMC, negative control group; group II-DIC, disease control group; group III-MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic; group IV-MM+DIC, group receiving MegaMucosa; group V-MM+MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic and MegaMucosa; *, p < 0.05 compared with group II (DIC); #, p < 0.05 compared with group I (CMC).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mean value and standard deviation of TNF-α between analyzed groups. Group I-CMC, negative control group; group II-DIC, disease control group; group III-MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic; group IV-MM+DIC, group receiving MegaMucosa; group V-MM+MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic and MegaMucosa; *, p < 0.05 compared with group II (DIC); #, p < 0.05 compared with group I (CMC).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mean value and standard deviation of ALT between analyzed groups. Group I-CMC, negative control group; group II-DIC, disease control group; group III-MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic; group IV-MM+DIC, group receiving MegaMucosa; group V-MM+MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic and MegaMucosa.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mean value and standard deviation of AST between analyzed groups. Group I-CMC, negative control group; group II-DIC, disease control group; group III-MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic; group IV-MM+DIC, group receiving MegaMucosa; group V-MM+MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic and MegaMucosa.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Mean value and standard deviation of TAC between analyzed groups. Group I-CMC, negative control group; group II-DIC, disease control group; group III-MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic; group IV-MM+DIC, group receiving MegaMucosa; group V-MM+MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic and MegaMucosa.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Mean value and standard deviation of CAT between analyzed groups. Group I-CMC, negative control group; group II-DIC, disease control group; group III-MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic; group IV-MM+DIC, group receiving MegaMucosa; group V-MM+MSB+DIC, group receiving MegaSporeBiotic and MegaMucosa.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Normal histological appearance of the small intestine in group I (H&E stain, ob 20X).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Histological appearance of the small intestine in animals in group II (H&E stain, 20X).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Histological examination of group III (H&E stain, 10X (A); 40X (B)).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Histological examination of group IV (H&E stain, 20X).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Histological examination of group V (H&E stain, 20X).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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