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Review
. 2022 Oct 21;10(10):2659.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102659.

Periodontitis and Its Inflammatory Changes Linked to Various Systemic Diseases: A Review of Its Underlying Mechanisms

Ruchi Bhuyan  1   2 , Sanat Kumar Bhuyan  3 , Jatindra Nath Mohanty  4 , Srijit Das  5 , Norsham Juliana  6 , Izuddin Fahmy Juliana  7
Affiliations
Review

Periodontitis and Its Inflammatory Changes Linked to Various Systemic Diseases: A Review of Its Underlying Mechanisms

Ruchi Bhuyan et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gums. The incidence of periodontitis is increasing all over the world. In patients with periodontitis, there is gradual destruction of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone, and later, in advanced stages, there is tooth loss. Different microorganisms, the host's immune response, and various environmental factors interact in the progression of this chronic inflammatory disease. In the present review, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications of periodontitis. We also discuss the association of chronic inflammation found in periodontitis with various other systemic diseases, which include cardiovascular, respiratory, diabetes, Alzheimer's, cancer, adverse pregnancy, and multiple myeloma, and also highlight microbial carcinogenesis and the microRNAs involved. The latest updates on the molecular mechanism, possible biomarkers, and treatment procedures may be beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Keywords: infection; management; mechanisms; oral; pathology; periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representation of diverse systemic diseases and their relationship with periodontitis. This figure was created with Biorender.com (accessed on 9 September 2022).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram showing general and oral manifestations of multiple myeloma. This figure was created with Biorender.com (accessed on 9 September 2022).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic diagram showing events in the oral cavity. This figure was created with Biorender.com (accessed on 9 September 2022).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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