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Review
. 2022 Sep 29;11(10):1327.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11101327.

Antimicrobial Activity of Lactones

Marcelina Mazur  1 , Dorota Masłowiec  2
Affiliations
Review

Antimicrobial Activity of Lactones

Marcelina Mazur et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

The development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the consequent lack of effective therapy is one of the biggest problems in modern medicine. A consequence of these processes is an urgent need to continuously design and develop novel antimicrobial agents. Among the compounds showing antimicrobial potential, lactones are a group to explore. For centuries, their antimicrobial activities have been used in folk medicine. Currently, novel lactone compounds are continuously described in the literature. Some of those structures exhibit high antimicrobial potential and some are an inspiration for design and synthesis of future drugs. This paper describes recent developments on antimicrobial lactones with smaller ring sizes, up to seven membered ε-lactones. Their isolation from natural sources, chemical synthesis, synergistic activity with antibiotics, and effects on quorum sensing are presented herein.

Keywords: antibacterial activity; antimicrobial compounds; isolation of lactones; lactones; quorum sensing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Spironolactone (1), eplerenone (2), artemisinin (3), psoralen (4), bergaptene (5).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Lactones 33–40.
Figure 3
Figure 3
General structure of N-acyl-homoserine lactones.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The LuxI/LuxR quorum sensing system of Gram-negative bacteria.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Lactones 41–51.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Lactones 52–57.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The synthesis of lactones 63 and 64.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The synthesis of lactones 70a–c.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The synthesis of lactone 74.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The synthesis of lactone 80.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The synthesis of lactone 85a–d.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Lactones 86–89.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Lactones 90a–95.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Nafithromycin (WCK 4873) (96).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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