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. 2022 Oct 3;9(10):1510.
doi: 10.3390/children9101510.

Frequency of Candida spp. in the Oral Cavity of Asymptomatic Preschool Mexican Children and Its Association with Nutritional Status

Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán  1 , María Guadalupe Frías-De-León  2 , Claudia Erika Fuentes-Venado  3 , Roberto Arenas  4 , Leopoldo González-Gutiérrez  5 , Edwin Chávez-Gutiérrez  6 , Oscar Uriel Torres-Paez  2 , Erick Martínez-Herrera  1
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Frequency of Candida spp. in the Oral Cavity of Asymptomatic Preschool Mexican Children and Its Association with Nutritional Status

Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

Malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries, affecting the child population, which favors the appearance of infections such as oral candidiasis. In Mexico, information on the presence of oral colonization by Candida spp. in asymptomatic children is scarce. The present study aimed to determine the presence of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of asymptomatic preschool Mexican children and its association with their nutritional status. A sample of oral mucosa was obtained using a sterile swab and then inoculated in Sabouraud dextrose agar with antibiotics, and the yeast growth was phenotypically identified. The anthropometric profile of children was performed based on the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. In addition, eating habits were investigated. The possible associations between the variables were determined through the chi-square test (IC95%, p < 0.05) (GraphPad Prism 8.0). Among the 743 assessed children (403 boys and 340 girls), the average age was 4.6 years, and the average nutritional status was normal (53.7%), followed by undernutrition (28.4%), overweight (12.4%) and obesity (5.5%). In 52 children, Candida was isolated, and the identified species were C. albicans (87.8%), C. glabrata (11.5%), C. krusei (5.8%) and C. parapsilosis (1.9%). The frequency of colonization was greater in males of six years (69.23%). There was no significant association between the colonization by Candida spp. and the nutritional status; however, a relation was observed with a high intake of simple carbohydrates.

Keywords: Candida spp.; Mexico; children; nutritional status; oral colonization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phenotypic identification of Candida isolates in CHROMagar Candida. (A) Candida albicans (green), Candida krusei (pale pink), Candida glabrata (purple). (B) Candida albicans (green). (C) Candida albicans (green), Candida glabrata (purple).
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