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Review
. 2022 Oct 20;23(20):12604.
doi: 10.3390/ijms232012604.

Non-Traditional Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Atherosclerotic Risk Factors Related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Patricia Richter  1   2 , Anca Cardoneanu  1   2 , Ciprian Rezus  3   4 , Alexandra Maria Burlui  1   2 , Elena Rezus  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Non-Traditional Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Atherosclerotic Risk Factors Related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Patricia Richter et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of high mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The Framingham risk score and other traditional risk factors do not fully reflect the CVD risk in SLE patients. Therefore, in order to stratify these high-risk patients, additional biomarkers for subclinical CVD are needed. The mechanisms of atherogenesis in SLE are still being investigated. During the past decades, many reports recognized that inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this report is to present novel proinflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic risk factors that are closely related to SLE inflammation and which determine an increased risk for the occurrence of early cardiovascular events.

Keywords: atherosclerosis; cytokines; inflammation; systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stages of atherosclerosis mechanism in SLE patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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