Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Oct 15;15(20):7201.
doi: 10.3390/ma15207201.

The Application of Various Bark Species as a Fillers for UF Resin in Plywood Manufacturing

Joanna Walkiewicz  1 , Jakub Kawalerczyk  1 , Radosław Mirski  1 , Dorota Dziurka  1 , Marek Wieruszewski  1
Affiliations

The Application of Various Bark Species as a Fillers for UF Resin in Plywood Manufacturing

Joanna Walkiewicz et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The aim of the presented study was to apply various bark species (birch, beech, maple, pine and spruce) as fillers for urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin in three-layer plywood manufacturing. For this purpose, all types of bark were ground and added to the adhesive mixture. The resultant plywood was subjected to investigations of the following: tensile strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR) and formaldehyde emission. The results indicate a reduction in the tensile strength. Moreover, the lack of significant improvement in strength parameters can be explained by too high a load of the filler (20 wt%). In the case of formaldehyde emissions, a reduction was observed for birch (B-1), beech (B-2), maple (B-3) and pine bark (B-4). In addition, an increase in the emission of formaldehyde was recorded only for spruce bark.

Keywords: UF resin; bark; filler; formaldehyde emission; mechanical properties; plywood; wood-base materials.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The changes in tensile strength of the produced plywood with bark: (B-1), beech (B-2), maple (B-3) and pine bark (B-4), spruce(B-5) and reference sample (REF). The lowercase letters means homogeneous groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The results of MOR (a) and MOE (b) tests in perpendicular direction. The lowercase letters means homogeneous groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The results of MOR (a) and MOE (b) tests in longitudinal direction. The lowercase letters means homogeneous groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Formaldehyde emission in three-layer plywood panels produced with UF resin.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM photos of cross-section plywood: (a,d)—REF; (b,e)—B-1; (c,f)—B-5 samples. The bond lines are marked with white frames box.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kawalerczyk J., Dziurka D., Mirski R., Trociński A. Flour Fillers with Urea-Formaldehyde Resin in Plywood. BioResources. 2019;14:6727–6735. doi: 10.15376/biores.14.3.6727-6735. - DOI
    1. Bekhta P., Sedliačik J., Kačík F., Noshchenko G., Kleinová A. Lignocellulosic Waste Fibers and Their Application as a Component of Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive Composition in the Manufacture of Plywood. Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. 2019;77:495–508. doi: 10.1007/s00107-019-01409-8. - DOI
    1. Dukarska D., Czarnecki R. Fumed Silica as a Filler for MUPF Resin in the Process of Manufacturing Water-Resistant Plywood. Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. 2016;74:5–14. doi: 10.1007/s00107-015-0955-4. - DOI
    1. Sellers T., Miller G.D., Smith W. Tool Wear Properties of Five Extender/Fillers in Adhesive Mixes for Plywood. For. Prod. J. 2005;55:27–31.
    1. Cichy W. Combustion of Plywood Waste in a Low-Power Boiler. Drew. Pr. Nauk. Doniesienia Komun. 2012;55:21–36.

LinkOut - more resources