Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Oct 10;58(10):1426.
doi: 10.3390/medicina58101426.

Prognostic Abilities of Pre- and Post-Treatment Inflammatory Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Stepwise Modelling

Sarah Sabrina Zakaria  1 , Anand Ramanathan  1   2 , Zakiah Mat Ripen  1 , Wan Maria Nabillah Ghani  2 , Yi-Hsin Yang  3 , Vui King Vincent-Chong  4 , Siti Mazlipah Ismail  1   2
Affiliations

Prognostic Abilities of Pre- and Post-Treatment Inflammatory Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Stepwise Modelling

Sarah Sabrina Zakaria et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Studies examining the importance of inflammatory markers before treatment as prognosticators of OSCC are available, but information on post-therapy inflammatory markers and their prognostic significance is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic abilities of pre- and post-treatment inflammatory markers in patients with OSCC. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, information on 151 OSCC patients' socio-demographic, clinico-pathological, recurrence, metastasis, and survival data were gathered from clinical records. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression (stepwise model) was conducted to identify the prognostic predictors of OS and DFS. The multivariable models' performances were evaluated using Harrell's concordance statistics. Results: For OS, high pre-treatment LMR (HR 3.06, 95%CI 1.56, 5.99), and high post-treatment PLC (HR 3.35, 95%CI 1.71, 6.54) and PLR (HR 5.26, 95%CI 2.62, 10.58) were indicative of a poor prognosis. For DFS, high pre-treatment SII (HR 2.59, 95%CI 1.50, 4.48) and high post-treatment PLC (HR 1.92, 95%CI 1.11, 3.32) and PLR (HR 3.44, 95%CI 1.98, 5.07) were associated with increased mortality. The fitness of the OS and DFS stepwise Cox regression models were proven with a time-dependent AUC of 0.8787 and 0.8502, respectively. Conclusions: High pre-treatment levels of LMR and SII and high post-treatment levels of PLC and PLR are independent predictors of a poor prognosis for patients with OSCC.

Keywords: disease-free survival; inflammatory markers; oral squamous cell carcinoma; overall survival; prognosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart explaining the patient selection process for this study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Harrell’s concordance statistics and time-dependent area under the curve for the overall survival (OS) in the pre- and post-treatment model.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Harrell’s concordance statistics and time-dependent area under the curve for the overall survival (OS) in the pre- and post-treatment model.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Harrell’s concordance statistics and time-dependent area under the curve for disease free survival (DFS) for pre- and post-treatment model.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Harrell’s concordance statistics and time-dependent area under the curve for disease free survival (DFS) for pre- and post-treatment model.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021;71:209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Azizah A., Hashimah B., Nirmal K., Siti Zubaidah A., Puteri N., Nabihah A., Sukumaran R., Balqis B., Nadia S., Sharifah S. Malaysia National Cancer Registry Report (MNCR) National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health; Putrajaya, Malaysia: 2019.
    1. Cadoni G., Giraldi L., Petrelli L., Pandolfini M., Giuliani M., Paludetti G., Pastorino R., Leoncini E., Arzani D., Almadori G., et al. Prognostic factors in head and neck cancer: A 10-year retrospective analysis in a single-institution in Italy. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. 2017;37:458–466. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-1246. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Listl S., Jansen L., Stenzinger A., Freier K., Emrich K., Holleczek B., Katalinic A., Gondos A., Brenner H., Group G.C.S.W. Survival of patients with oral cavity cancer in Germany. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e53415. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053415. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Massano J., Regateiro F.S., Januario G., Ferreira A. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Review of prognostic and predictive factors. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 2006;102:67–76. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.038. - DOI - PubMed

Substances