Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Oct 21;12(10):1003.
doi: 10.3390/metabo12101003.

Different Types of Non-Starch Polysaccharides Alter the Growth, Intestinal Flora and Serum Metabolite Profile of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

Yu Liu  1   2   3 , Xinlangji Fu  1   2   3 , Hang Zhou  1   2   3 , Jiongting Fan  1   2   3 , Huajing Huang  1   2   3 , Junming Deng  1   2   3 , Beiping Tan  1   2   3
Affiliations

Different Types of Non-Starch Polysaccharides Alter the Growth, Intestinal Flora and Serum Metabolite Profile of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

Yu Liu et al. Metabolites. .

Abstract

Dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) broadly influence fish intestinal flora and physiological metabolism, but limited information is available on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). This study investigated the effects of different types of NSPs on the growth, nutrient metabolism status, gut microbiota, and serum metabolome of grass carp. Fish were fed with diets containing 4.4% insoluble NSPs (INSP), 9.24% soluble NSPs (SNSP), 13.64% NSPs (4.4% INSP + 9.24% SNSP, NSP) and non NSPs (FM), respectively, for 9 weeks. Results showed that dietary SNSP decreased protein efficiency ratio and serum protein content, but increased feed coefficient ratio, feed intake, plasma blood urea nitrogen content, and plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST); conversely, dietary INSP decreased plasma AST activity. Dietary INSP and SNSP increased serum free cholesterol content. Dietary NSPs altered the abundance of dominant bacteria and serum metabolite profiles. The differential metabolites between groups were significantly enriched in amino acid synthesis and metabolic pathways. In conclusion, dietary INSP exhibited a growth-promoting effect compared to SNSP. Dietary INSP is beneficial for improving nutrient metabolism and intestinal health. Moreover, dietary NSPs may regulate the physiological metabolism and feeding behavior of grass carp by altering amino acid synthesis and metabolism.

Keywords: antioxidant capacity; blood biochemistry; grass carp; microbiota; serum metabolome.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors all declare that they have no known competing financial interests in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Intestinal amylase and lactase activities of grass carp fed with experimental diets. Values with different superscripts in each column present a significant difference (p < 0.05; n = 3).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intestinal flora structure of grass carp fed with experimental diets. (A,C) bacteria phylum level composition in stacked maps and clustered heat maps, respectively; (B,D) bacteria genera level composition in stacked maps and clustered heat maps, respectively; (E) LEfSe analysis results.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Metabolite profiles of QC samples. (A) positive ion mode; (B) negative ion model.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Serum metabolite profiles of PCA analysis results. (A,B) FM vs. INSP in positive and negative ion model, respectively; (C,D) FM vs. SNSP in positive and negative ion model, respectively; (E,F) FM vs. NSP in positive and negative ion model, respectively.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Serum metabolite profiles OPLS-DA analysis results. (A,B) plots of OPLS-DA scores in positive and negative ion mode between FM and INSP groups, respectively; (C,D) plots of OPLS-DA scores in positive and negative ion mode between FM and SNSP groups, respectively; (E,F) plots of OPLS-DA scores in positive and negative ion mode between FM and NSP groups, respectively.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Metabolic pathway analysis of differential metabolites between FM and treatment groups. (A,B) metabolic pathways enriched under positive and negative ion models between FM and INSP groups, respectively; (C,D) metabolic pathways enriched under positive and negative ion models between FM and SNSP groups, respectively; (E,F) metabolic pathways enriched under positive and negative ion models between FM and NSP groups, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Deng J., Zhang X., Sun Y., Mi H., Zhang L. Effects of different types of non-starch polysaccharides on growth, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal barrier function and antioxidant activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aqua. Rep. 2021;21:100864. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100864. - DOI
    1. Ren S., Cai C., Cui G., Ni Q., Jiang R., Su X., Wang Q., Chen W., Zhang J., Wu P., et al. High dosages of pectin and cellulose cause different degrees of damage to the livers and intestines of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture. 2020;514:734445. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734445. - DOI
    1. Kuz’mina V.V. Influence of age on digestive enzyme activity in some freshwater teleosts. Aquaculture. 1996;148:25–37. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01370-1. - DOI
    1. Sinha A.K., Kumar V., Makkar H.P.S., De Boeck G., Becker K. Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition—A review. Food Chem. 2011;127:1409–1426. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.042. - DOI
    1. Cai C., Ren S., Cui G., Ni Q., Li X., Meng Y., Meng Z., Zhang J., Su X., Chen H., et al. Short-term stress due to dietary pectin induces cholestasis, and chronic stress induces hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture. 2020;516:734607. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734607. - DOI