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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Oct 12;14(20):4260.
doi: 10.3390/nu14204260.

Effect of Dietary Salt Intake on Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Xiaomin Wu  1   2   3 , Liling Chen  2   4 , Junxia Cheng  2 , Jing Qian  2   5 , Zhongze Fang  3 , Jing Wu  1   2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Effect of Dietary Salt Intake on Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Xiaomin Wu et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Aim: The effect of dietary salt intake on the risk of gastric cancer is not clear. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between dietary salt intake and the risk of gastric cancer. Methods: Three major databases were searched to retrieve case-control studies published in English before 1 July 2022. Random effects model analysis was used to obtain the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between dietary salt intake and risk of gastric cancer. Subgroup analyses were used to identify possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: Thirty-eight case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis (total population: n = 37,225). The pooled ORs showed a significantly positive association between high salt intake and gastric cancer compared with low salt intake (OR = 1.55, 95% CI (1.45, 1.64); p < 0.001). In subgroup meta-analysis for geographic region, estimation method for dietary salt intake and the source of controls, this association was not changed. Conclusion: Higher dietary salt intake increased the risk of gastric cancer. This study has implications for the prevention of gastric cancer.

Keywords: case-control study; gastric cancer; meta-analysis; prevention; salt.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of selection of studies for the meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of associations between high dietary salt intake and gastric cancer risk. References [9,15,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52] are cited in the Figure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of associations between high dietary salt intake and gastric cancer risk among different regions. References [9,15,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52] are cited in the Figure.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot of associations between high dietary salt intake and gastric cancer risk among different estimation methods for salt intake. References [9,15,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52] are cited in the Figure.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot of associations between high dietary salt intake and gastric cancer risk among the source of controls. References [9,15,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52] are cited in the Figure.
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