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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Oct 17;14(20):4351.
doi: 10.3390/nu14204351.

Prevalence of Vitamin D and Calcium Deficiency and Insufficiency in Women of Childbearing Age and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Erika Aparecida da Silveira  1   2 , Letícia de Almeida Nogueira E Moura  1 , Maria Clara Rezende Castro  1 , Gilberto Kac  3 , Maria Claret Costa Monteiro Hadler  1   4 , Priscilla Rayanne E Silva Noll  5   6 , Matias Noll  1   6 , Andréa Toledo de Oliveira Rezende  1 , Felipe Mendes Delpino  7 , Cesar de Oliveira  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Vitamin D and Calcium Deficiency and Insufficiency in Women of Childbearing Age and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Erika Aparecida da Silveira et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as well as low serum calcium levels can trigger negative health outcomes in women of childbearing age. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of serum vitamin D and calcium deficiencies and insufficiencies and associated risk factors in Brazilian women of childbearing age and to assess whether there are differences in prevalence according to regions of the country and the presence or absence of pregnancy. The systematic literature review was performed using the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Cross-sectional, cohort, and intervention studies were included. Among pregnant women, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranged from 0% to 27% and of vitamin D insufficiency from 33.9% to 70.4%. Among non-pregnant women, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranged from 0% to 41.7% and of vitamin D insufficiency from 38.5% to 69.3%. We found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in women of childbearing age, with insufficiency affecting more than half of these women. The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was observed in the South region. It was not possible to assess the prevalence and factors associated with calcium deficiency.

Keywords: diabetes; hypocalcemia; micronutrients; obesity; pregnancy; vitamin D deficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the search process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in childbearing women stratified by pregnancy status. [33,34,35,36,37,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in childbearing women stratified by Brazilian geographic region. [33,34,35,36,37,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency in childbearing women stratified by pregnancy status. [33,34,35,36,39,40,41,43,44,46,47,48,49].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Prevalence of Vitamin D insufficiency in childbearing women stratified by Brazilian geographic region. [33,34,35,36,39,40,41,43,44,46,47,48].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Funnel plot of Vitamin D deficiency in childbearing-aged women.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Funnel plot of Vitamin D insufficiency in childbearing-aged women.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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