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. 2022 Oct 12;11(20):2690.
doi: 10.3390/plants11202690.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Plant Extracts from Salvia deserta Schang. and Salvia sclarea L

Aizhan Zhussupova  1 , Gaziza Zhumaliyeva  1 , Vyacheslav Ogay  2 , Assel Issabekova  2 , Samir A Ross  3   4 , Galiya E Zhusupova  5
Affiliations

Immunomodulatory Effects of Plant Extracts from Salvia deserta Schang. and Salvia sclarea L

Aizhan Zhussupova et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Medicines, their safety, effectiveness and quality are indispensable factors of national security, important on a global scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has once again emphasized the importance of improving the immune response of the body in the face of severe viral infections. Plants from the Salvia L. genus have long been used in traditional medicine for treatment of inflammatory processes, parasitic diseases, bacterial and viral infections. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of plant extracts LS-1, LS-2 from Salvia deserta Schang. and LS-3, LS-4 from Salvia sclarea L. plants growing in southern Kazakhstan by conventional and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of the named sage extracts on neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFn) were evaluated using the MTT assay. Immunomodulatory effects of the studied extracts were compared by examining their influence on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and phagocytic activity of murine immune cells. Depending on the physiological state of the innate immune cells, sage extracts LS-2 and LS-3 had either a stimulating effect on inactivated macrophages or suppressed cytokine-producing activity in LPS-activated macrophages. The greatest increase in TNF-α secretion was found after treatment of spleen T lymphocytes with sage extract LS-2, obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction.

Keywords: conventional extraction; immunomodulatory; sage; ultrasonic-assisted extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Elaborating optimal technology for LS-1: choosing the correct ratio of raw material to extragent.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Elaborating optimal technology for LS-1: choosing correct concentration of extragent.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Elaborating optimal technology: choosing extraction time for LS-2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Base peak chromatograms (BPC) from S. deserta Schang. and S. sclarea L. extracts LS-2 and LS-4 in ESI positive ion mode. Each sample was injected twice.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Base peak chromatograms (BPC) from S. deserta Schang. and S. sclarea L. extracts LS-2 and LS-4 in ESI positive ion mode. Each sample was injected twice.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of S. deserta Schang. (A) and S. sclarea L. (B) extracts on cell viability of neonatal human dermal fibroblasts. (LS-1, LS-3) sage extracts obtained by conventional extraction and (LS-2, LS-4) ultrasonic-assisted extraction.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of S. deserta Schang extracts on the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β by murine peritoneal macrophages. (LS-1)—sage extract obtained by conventional extraction and (LS-2)—sage extract obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Two controls were used in the experiment: macrophages without treatment or stimulus and macrophages activated with LPS. (*) indicates significant differences in comparison to control, p < 0.05.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effects of S. deserta Schang. extracts on the secretion of TNF-α by spleen T lymphocytes. (LS-1)—sage extract obtained by conventional extraction and (LS-2)—sage extract obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Two controls were used in the experiment: spleen T lymphocytes without treatment or stimulus and spleen T lymphocytes activated with Con A. (*) indicates significant differences in comparison to control, p < 0.05.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effects of S. sclarea L. extracts on the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β by murine peritoneal macrophages. (LS-3)—sage extract obtained by conventional extraction and (LS-4)—sage extract obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Two controls were used in the experiment: macrophages without treatment or stimulus and macrophages activated with LPS. (*) indicates significant differences in comparison to control, p < 0.05.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effects S. sclarea L. extracts on the secretion of TNF-α by spleen T lymphocytes. (LS-3)—sage extract obtained by conventional extraction and (LS-4)—sage extract obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Two controls were used in the experiment: spleen T lymphocytes without treatment or stimulus and spleen T lymphocytes activated with Con A. (*) indicates significant differences in comparison to control, p < 0.05.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effects of S. deserta Schang. (LS-1, LS-2) and S. sclarea L. (LS-3, LS-4) extracts on the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. (LS-1, LS-3) sage extracts obtained by conventional extraction and (LS-2, LS-4) sage extracts obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. (*) indicates significant differences in comparison to control, p < 0.05.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Appearance of harvested plants: (a)—S. deserta Schang., (b)—S. sclarea L.
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