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. 2023 Jan;56(1):132-142.
doi: 10.1002/eat.23841. Epub 2022 Oct 27.

A cotwin control study of associations between financial hardship and binge eating phenotypes during COVID-19

Megan E Mikhail  1 , Lindsay S Ackerman  1 , Kristen M Culbert  1 , S Alexandra Burt  1 , Michael C Neale  2 , Pamela K Keel  3 , Debra K Katzman  4 , Kelly L Klump  1
Affiliations

A cotwin control study of associations between financial hardship and binge eating phenotypes during COVID-19

Megan E Mikhail et al. Int J Eat Disord. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 was associated with significant financial hardship and increased binge eating (BE). However, it is largely unknown whether financial stressors contributed to BE during the pandemic. We used a longitudinal, cotwin control design that controls for genetic/environmental confounds by comparing twins in the same family to examine whether financial hardship during COVID-19 was associated with BE.

Methods: Female twins (N = 158; Mage = 22.13) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry rated financial stressors (e.g., inability to afford necessities) daily for 49 consecutive days during COVID-19. We first examined whether financial hardship was associated with BE phenotypes across the full sample. We then examined whether cotwins who differed on financial hardship also differed in BE.

Results: Participants who experienced greater mean financial hardship across the study had significantly greater dimensional BE symptoms, and participants who experienced greater financial hardship on a given day reported significantly more emotional eating that day. These results were replicated in cotwin control analyses. Twins who experienced more financial hardship than their cotwin across the study reported greater dimensional BE symptoms than their cotwin, and participants who experienced more financial hardship than their cotwin on a given day reported greater emotional eating that day. Results were identical when restricting analyses to monozygotic twins, suggesting associations were not due to genetic confounds.

Conclusions: Results suggest that BE-related symptoms may be elevated in women who experienced financial hardship during COVID-19 independent of potential genetic/environmental confounds. However, additional research in larger samples is needed.

Public significance: Little is known regarding how financial difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to increased binge eating (BE). We found preliminary evidence that financial hardship during COVID-19 may be associated with greater rates of BE-related symptoms even when comparing twins from the same family. While additional research is needed, results suggest that people who experienced financial hardship during COVID-19 may be at increased risk for BE.

Keywords: COVID-19; binge eating; cotwin control; disadvantage; emotional eating; financial; longitudinal; socioeconomic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts to declare.

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