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Review
. 2022 Oct 11:9:962743.
doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.962743. eCollection 2022.

Multi-omics analysis: Paving the path toward achieving precision medicine in cancer treatment and immuno-oncology

Virgile Raufaste-Cazavieille  1 , Raoul Santiago  1   2 , Arnaud Droit  1
Affiliations
Review

Multi-omics analysis: Paving the path toward achieving precision medicine in cancer treatment and immuno-oncology

Virgile Raufaste-Cazavieille et al. Front Mol Biosci. .

Abstract

The acceleration of large-scale sequencing and the progress in high-throughput computational analyses, defined as omics, was a hallmark for the comprehension of the biological processes in human health and diseases. In cancerology, the omics approach, initiated by genomics and transcriptomics studies, has revealed an incredible complexity with unsuspected molecular diversity within a same tumor type as well as spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumors. The integration of multiple biological layers of omics studies brought oncology to a new paradigm, from tumor site classification to pan-cancer molecular classification, offering new therapeutic opportunities for precision medicine. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations for multi-omics integration in oncology and summarize the largest multi-omics dataset available for adult and pediatric cancers. We will present multi-omics techniques for characterizing cancer biology and show how multi-omics data can be combined with clinical data for the identification of prognostic and treatment-specific biomarkers, opening the way to personalized therapy. To conclude, we will detail the newest strategies for dissecting the tumor immune environment and host-tumor interaction. We will explore the advances in immunomics and microbiomics for biomarker identification to guide therapeutic decision in immuno-oncology.

Keywords: cancer; immunology; immunomics; machine learning; microbiome; multi-omics; precision medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Overflow of the omics integration for precision medicine. The bulk tumor is composed of many different biological elements that can be classified and used to find novel interactions between interconnected elements. These interactions can be used to molecularly characterize and subtype cancers with the aim of anticipating their clinical evolution and treatment sensitivity to promote precision medicine.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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