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Review
. 2022 Dec;53(4):1761-1779.
doi: 10.1007/s42770-022-00813-2. Epub 2022 Oct 28.

Meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex: review of current epidemiology, antifungal resistance, and mechanisms

Reza Ghasemi  1 , Ensieh Lotfali  2 , Kamran Rezaei  1 , Seyed Ataollah Madinehzad  1 , Mahdi Falah Tafti  1 , Nikta Aliabadi  3 , Ebrahim Kouhsari  4   5 , Mahsa Fattahi  6
Affiliations
Review

Meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex: review of current epidemiology, antifungal resistance, and mechanisms

Reza Ghasemi et al. Braz J Microbiol. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Meyerozyma guilliermondii has been accepted as a complex composed of Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Meyerozyma carpophila, and Meyerozyma caribbica. M. guilliermondii is a saprophyte detected on human mucosa and skin. It can lead to serious infections in patients with risk factors like chemotherapy, immunodeficiency, gastrointestinal or cardiovascular surgery, and oncology disorders. Most deaths related to M. guilliermondii infections occur in individuals with malignancy. In recent decades, incidence of M. guilliermondii infections is increased. Sensitivity of this microorganism to conventional antifungals (e.g., amphotericin B, fluconazole, micafungin and anidulafungin) was reduced. Prophylactic and empirical uses of these drugs are linked to elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of M. guilliermondii. Drug resistance has concerned many researchers across the world. They are attempting to discover appropriate solution to combat this challenge. This study reviews the most important mechanisms of resistance to antifungals developed by in M. guilliermondii species complex.

Keywords: Antifungal; Drug resistance; Meyerozyma caribbica; Meyerozyma carpophila; Meyerozyma guilliermondii.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Asian countries reporting M. guilliermondii species complex isolates (red-colored countries reported M. guilliermondii, green-colored country reported M. caribbica). The asterisk indicates the case reports
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
European countries reporting M. guilliermondii species complex isolates (red-colored countries reported M. guilliermondii, green-colored country reported M. caribbica)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
American countries reporting M. guilliermondii species complex isolates (red-colored countries reported M. guilliermondii)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
African countries reporting M. guilliermondii species complex isolates (red-colored countries reported M. guilliermondii)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Total number of M. guilliermondii species complex isolates in Australia
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Countries reporting drug-resistant M. guilliermondii species complex isolates
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Chemical structures of azole antifungal molecules. Fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITR), nystatin (NYS), amphotericin B (AMB), posaconazole (POS), voriconazole (VOR) anidulafungin (AND), caspofungin (CAS), and micafungin (MCF)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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