Bioactive compounds as potential angiotensin-converting enzyme II inhibitors against COVID-19: a scoping review

Abstract

Objective and design: The current study aimed to summarize the evidence of compounds contained in plant species with the ability to block the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-II), through a scoping review.

Methods: PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were used for the systematic search and a manual search was performed RESULTS: Studies included were characterized as in silico. Among the 200 studies retrieved, 139 studies listed after the exclusion of duplicates and 74 were included for the full read. Among them, 32 studies were considered eligible for the qualitative synthesis. The most evaluated class of secondary metabolites was flavonoids with quercetin and curcumin as most actives substances and terpenes (isothymol, limonin, curcumenol, anabsinthin, and artemisinin). Other classes that were also evaluated were alkaloid, saponin, quinone, substances found in essential oils, and primary metabolites as the aminoacid L-tyrosine and the lipidic compound 2-monolinolenin.

Conclusion: This review suggests the most active substance from each class of metabolites, which presented the strongest affinity to the ACE-II receptor, what contributes as a basis for choosing compounds and directing the further experimental and clinical investigation on the applications these compounds in biotechnological and health processes as in COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: ACE-II; Coronavirus; Plants; Secondary metabolite; Treatment.

Fig. 1

Flow diagram of included records of the scoping review

Fig. 2

Possible inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 binding to the ACE-II receptor by primary and secondary metabolites. 1.1. (a) δ-viniferine; (b) resveratrol. 1.2. (c) luteolin, quercetin, puerarin; (d) theaflavin; (e) tectochrysin; (f) isorhamnetin. 1.3. (g) phillyrin. 1.4. (h) curcumin, (i) chlorogenic acid. 2. (j) isothymol, curcumenol; (k) limonin; (l) curcumenol; (m) anabsinthin; (n) artemisinin. 3. (o) bicuculline; (p) pipercyclobutanamide B; (q) norreticulin. 4. (r) diosgenin; (s) ursodeoxycholic acid; (t) glycyrrhizic acid. 5.1 (u) linalool, (v) (E,E)-α-farnesene; 5.2. (w) dithymoquinone. 6.1. (x) l-tyrosine; 6.2. (y) 2-monolinolenin. Source: the authors